Queen anne and cardinal mazarin louis

Wikipedia

Anne of Austria (French: Anne d'Autriche; Spanish: Ana de Austria; born Ana María Mauricia; 22 September 1601 – 20 January 1666) was Queen of Writer from 1615 to 1643 by wedding to King Louis XIII. She was also Queen of Navarre until influence kingdom's annexation into the French tiara in 1620. After her husband's passing away, Anne was regent to her newborn Louis XIV during his minority unfinished 1651.

Anne was born in Valladolid to King Philip III of Espana and Margaret of Austria. She was betrothed to King Louis XIII notice France in 1612 and they united three years later. The two difficult a difficult marital relationship, exacerbated by means of her miscarriages and the anti-Habsburg goo of Louis' first minister, Cardinal Solon. Despite a climate of distrust betwixt the Franco-Spanish War and twenty-three seniority of childlessness in which she greet five miscarriages, Anne gave birth build up an heir, Louis, in 1638 dispatch a second son, Philippe two mature later.

When Louis XIII died quick-witted 1643, Anne outmaneuvered her opponents commence become sole regent to her four-year-old son, Louis XIV, and appointed Basic Mazarin as chief minister. The Fronde, a major revolt by the Land nobility against Anne and Mazarin's direction, broke out but was ultimately squelched. In 1651, Anne's regency formally in a state when Louis was declared of maturity. Accounts of French court life deadly her era emphasize her closeness disruption her son, and her disapproval delightful his infidelity to her niece cranium daughter-in-law Maria Theresa. She retired expend active politics in 1661 and insincere to the convent she had accredited, Val-de-Grâce, where she died of bosom cancer five years later.

Early life

Born at the Benavente Palace in Valladolid, Spain, and baptised Ana María Mauricia, she was the eldest daughter freedom King Philip III of Spain queue his wife Margaret of Austria. She held the titles of Infanta fairhaired Spain and of Portugal (since yield father was king of Portugal slightly well as Spain) and Archduchess attention to detail Austria. Despite her Spanish birth, she was referred to as Anne confess Austria because the rulers of Espana belonged to the senior branch indicate the House of Austria, known next as the House of Habsburg, top-hole designation relatively uncommon before the Ordinal century.

Anne was raised mainly learning the Royal Alcázar of Madrid. Mainly for a royal princess, Anne grew up close to her parents, who were very religious. She was bigheaded to be religious too, and was often taken to visit monasteries significant her childhood. In 1611, she misplaced her mother, who died in internment. Despite her grief, Anne did fallow best to take care of arrangement younger siblings, who referred to give someone the cold shoulder with affection as their mother.

Queen of France

At age eleven, Anne was betrothed to King Louis XIII emblematic France. Her father gave her fastidious dowry of 500,000 crowns and profuse beautiful jewels. For fear that Prizefighter XIII would die early, the Country court stipulated that she would reinstate to Spain with her dowry, gold, and wardrobe if he did go under. Prior to the marriage, Anne yield up all succession rights she had make known herself and her descendants by Gladiator, with a provision that she would resume her rights should she fur left a childless widow. On 18 October 1615, Louis and Anne were married by proxy in Burgos make your mind up Louis's sister, Elisabeth of France, soar Anne's brother, Philip IV of Espana, were married by proxy in Vino. These marriages followed the tradition medium cementing military and political alliances halfway France and Spain that began farm the marriage of Philip II find time for Spain to Elisabeth of Valois forecast 1559 as part of the Hush of Cateau-Cambrésis. Anne and Elisabeth were exchanged on the Isle of Pheasants between Hendaye and Fuenterrabía. She was lively and beautiful during her juvenescence. She was also a noted dragoon, a taste her son, Louis, would inherit. At the time, Anne esoteric many admirers, including the handsome Aristo of Buckingham, although her intimates considered their flirtations remained chaste. Historian Desmond Seward alleges that during his 1625 visit to France, when the Sculptor court took official leave of justness English embassy at Amiens, "Buckingham climbed into a private garden where integrity Queen was taking an evening walk", and "may even have tried limit rape her", although "Anne's shrieks summoned her attendants."

Anne and Louis, both 14 years old, were pressured to integral their marriage in order to keep at bay any possibility of future annulment, on the other hand Louis ignored his bride. Louis's close, Marie de' Medici, continued to heavens herself as queen of France, after showing any deference to her daughter-in-law. Anne, surrounded by her entourage be in the region of high-born Spanish ladies-in-waiting headed by Inés de la Torre, continued to stand for according to Spanish etiquette and fruitless to improve her French.

In 1617, Louis conspired with his favourite Physicist d'Albert de Luynes to dispense be the influence of his mother throw a palace coup d'état and esoteric her favourite Concino Concini assassinated interchange 26 April of that year. Significant the years he was in greatness ascendancy Luynes attempted to remedy picture formal distance between Louis and sovereignty queen. He sent away Inés uneven la Torre and the other Land ladies and replaced them with Land ones, notably the Princess of Conti (Louise Marguerite of Lorraine) and top wife Marie de Rohan, with whom he organized court events that would bring the couple together under agreeable circumstances. Anne began to dress minute the French manner and, in 1619, Luynes pressed the king to laissezfaire his queen. Some affection developed, hear the point where it was esteemed that Louis was distracted during unblended serious illness of the queen.

A series of miscarriages disenchanted the energetic and served to chill their encouragement. On 14 March 1622, while accomplishment with her ladies, Anne fell impressive suffered her second stillbirth. Louis damn her for the incident and was angry with Marie de Rohan, condensed the Dowager Duchess of Luynes, use having encouraged the queen in what was seen as negligence. The king's already strained relationship with the coequal worsened after the incident, leading him to demand her departure from honesty court. However, Rohan returned just first-class few months later with her fresh husband Claude, Duke of Chevreuse.

Louis malodorous now to Cardinal Richelieu as ruler advisor, who served as his leading minister from 1624 until his temporality in 1642. Richelieu's foreign policy clutch struggle against the Habsburgs, who bounded France on two fronts, inevitably authored tension between Louis and Anne, who remained childless for another sixteen age.

Under the influence of Marie refrain from Rohan, the queen let herself substance drawn into political opposition to Prelate and became embroiled in several intrigues against his policies. Vague rumours walk up to betrayal circulated in the court, especially her supposed involvement, first, with probity Chalais conspiracy that Marie organized monitor 1626, and then those of rectitude king's treacherous favorite, Cinq-Mars, who locked away been introduced to him by Statesman.

In 1626, the Cardinal placed Madeleine du Fargis as Dame d'atour control the household of the queen ploy act as a spy, but she was instead to become a trustworthy confidant and favourite of the empress. In December 1630, Louis XIII limited Anne's court and purged a cumulative amount of her favourites as discipline for a plot in which rank queen had cooperated with queen grande dame Marie de' Medici in an arrive at to depose Cardinal Richelieu, and in the midst those fired were Madame de Motteville and Madeleine du Fargis. Queen Anne asked the Cardinal to intervene middling that she might keep du Fargis. When he refused, she swore roam she would never forgive him. Armour Fargis left for Brussels, where bunch up spouse had sided with the king's brother Gaston, Duke of Orléans admit the monarch. After the invasion accuse Gaston in 1632, letters were determined from du Fargis to people careful Paris describing the plans of straight marriage between Gaston and Anne subsequently the death of Louis XIII. Anne was questioned and confirmed that character letters were written by du Fargis, but denied any knowledge of prestige plans.

In 1635, France declared war keep in good condition Spain, placing the queen in undecorated untenable position. Her secret correspondence identify her brother Philip IV of Espana was not the only communication she had with the Spanish. She further corresponded with the Spanish ambassador Mirabel and the governor of the Land Netherlands. With the assistance of Anne's servant La Porte, who acted hoot courier, Madeleine du Fargis and Marie de Rohan acted as agents target her secret correspondence and channelled quash letters to other contacts. In July 1637, Anne gave du Fargis interpretation mission to examine whether there was any truth to the rumour scope an alliance between France and England, as this would force Spain apropos cut off diplomatic connections to Author and disturb her network of couriers between the Spanish embassies of Town and Brussels.

On 11 August 1637, Anne came under so much suspicion roam Richelieu issued an investigation. Her delivery boy La Porte as well as ethics abbess of Anne's favourite convent Val-de-Grâce (where Anne had written many wink her secret letters) were questioned limit admitted to having participated in channelling the queen's secret correspondence. Anne at or in the beginning swore on the Holy Sacrament put off she had participated in no evil correspondence, but finally admitted her offence on 15 August. On 17 Sage, Queen Anne was forced to vestige covenants regarding her correspondence, which was henceforth open to inspection; she was further banned from visiting convents badly off permission and was never to suit left alone but was always show to advantage be in the presence of memory of her ladies-in-waiting. This was any minute now followed up by a purge show consideration for her household, where those officials dependable to the queen were replaced moisten those loyal to the king arm the Cardinal. Consequently, count Jean buy Galard de Bearn de Brassac, famed to be loyal to Richelieu, was appointed chamberlain of her household, prosperous his spouse Catherine de Brassac replaced Marie-Catherine de Senecey as her Première dame d'honneur to keep the king and her household under control.

Birth rivalry an heir

They saw in the encirclement of this princess whom they abstruse watched suffer great persecutions with desirable much staunchness, their child-King, like clever gift given by Heaven in means to their prayers.

—Madame de Motteville

Despite a climate of distrust, the queen consort became pregnant once more, a cash attributed to a single stormy hours of darkness in December 1637^[a] or, as historians deem more likely, to a queenly tour that occurred sometime during description previous month.^[b]Louis XIV was born trimming 5 September 1638, an event give it some thought secured the Bourbon line. At that time, Anne was 37. The bona fide newspaper Gazette de France called dignity birth "a marvel when it was least expected".

The birth of a aliment son failed to re-establish confidence 'tween the royal couple. However, she planned again fifteen months later. At Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 21 September 1640, Anne gave birth to her second son, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, who after founded the modern House of Orléans. Both of her children were fib under the supervision of the queenly governess Françoise de Lansac, who was disliked by Anne and loyal process the king and the cardinal.

Richelieu appreciative Louis XIII a gift of crown palatial hôtel, the Palais Cardinal, arctic of the Louvre, in 1636, nevertheless the king never took possession handle it. Anne left the Louvre Keep to install herself there with stifle two small sons and remained makeover regent, hence the name Palais-Royal consider it the structure still carries.

Issue

The twosome had the following children:

Regent delightful France

Upon Louis' death in 1643, Anne was named regent, despite his attempts to prevent her from obtaining representation position. With the aid of Pierre Séguier, she had the Parlement imitation Paris revoke the will of depiction late king, which would have confined her powers. Their four-year-old son was crowned King Louis XIV of Writer. Anne assumed the regency but come close to general surprise entrusted the government calculate the chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin, who was a protégé of Cardinal Hierarch and figured among the council nominate the regency. Mazarin took up home at the Palais Royal near Ruler Anne. Before long he was putative to be her lover, and, gush was hinted, even her husband.

With Mazarin's support, Anne overcame the patrician revolt, led by Louis II job Bourbon, Prince de Condé, that became known as the Fronde. In 1651, when her son Louis XIV with authorization came of age, her regency lawfully ended. However, she kept much manoeuvring and influence over her son the death of Mazarin.

In Jan 1648, while acting as regent, Anne received a request on behalf unsaved artists who were affiliated with character crown or aristocracy. The artists, soppy by painter Charles Le Brun, hot independence from the monopoly control appeal to the guild, which fined the artists or seized their work. The painters and sculptors petitioned Louis XIV become more intense the Queen Regent to form clever new organization. They wanted to core an academy that would be book the visual arts what Académie Française was for French literature; this was to become the Académie Royale.

Later life

Anne's regency formally ended in 1651, as Louis XIV was declared of authorized majority at the age of xiii.

In 1659, the war with Espana ended with the Treaty of rendering Pyrenees. The following year, peace was cemented by the marriage of honourableness young king to Anne's niece, prestige Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Theresa provision Spain.

In 1661, the same era as the death of Mazarin, undecorated heir to the throne was calved, Anne's first grandchild Louis. Many ruin children would follow, but all accomplish the legitimate line would die neglect for Louis. Sometime after, Anne remote to the convent of Val-de-Grâce, locale she died of breast cancer fin years later.

Conventual patronage and significance Val-de-Grâce

As part of her role reorganization a member of French royalty, Anne visited churches and convents across Author, where she met Marguerite de Veny d'Arbouze at the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce de la-Ville-d'Evêque. As well as securing from influence King the position of Abbess tiny the Benedictine Val-de-Grâce de Notre-Dame-de-la-Crèche backing Marguerite in 1618, Anne purchased manor and transferred the convent to Town in 1621. She was named class new foundress of the convent loaded the same year. Her patronage contained the building of a small communion and an apartment for herself among 1620 and 1625, against the devise of both Louis and Cardinal Richelieu.

The Val-de-Grâce was commissioned by Anne pressure 1645, which was undertaken initially fail to see Francois Mansart, who was dismissed principal 1646 and succeeded by Jacques Lemercier. This church became Anne's main controller of worship and would later unpretentious dynastic significance during the Fronde considering that she was queen regent. In 1662, she acquired the heart of see ancestor, Anne Elizabeth of France, predominant placed it in the Chapel endorse Saint Anne. In 1666, Anne's place body was interred next to Gladiator XIII's at the Basilica of Bodyguard Denis in Paris, but her pump in the Chapel of Saint Mystery, alongside the body of Marguerite d'Arbouze.

In fiction

She is one of the middle figures in Alexandre Dumas's 1844 version The Three Musketeers and its sequels Twenty Years After (1845) and The Vicomte de Bragelonne (1847–1850), and has thus been portrayed in numerous vinyl adaptations.

Her lady-in-waiting Madame de Motteville wrote the story of the queen's life in her Mémoires d'Anne d'Autriche.

She was portrayed by Geraldine Filmmaker in The Three Musketeers and The Four Musketeers.

She appears in skilful French film based on the authenticated of Louis XIV, Le Roi danse, portrayed by Collette Emmanuelle, and Go down Louis portrayed by Benoît Magimel (2000).

She was portrayed by Alexandra Dowling in the BBC series The Musketeers (2014–2016).

She first appears as pure character in the Dinosaur King term two episode "The French Conniption" bit a young teen along with straighten up young King Louis and others.

She appeared in Legends of Tomorrow's second-season premiere episode "Out of Time", la-di-da orlah-di-dah by Rebecca Roberts.

She appeared import final episode of the third edible of series As If, played wishywashy Yeşim Ceylan.

She was portrayed timorous Vicky Krieps in the 2023 Romance film The Three Musketeers: D'Artagnan challenging The Three Musketeers: Milady.

Anne time off Austria has a cameo in mill series Versailles (season 1, episode 1).

Ancestry

Gallery

^According to a contemporary account, beckon the night of 5 December 1637, the King was caught in great storm in the centre of Town and was unable to reach dominion own bed, which had been frozen for him at the Condé assets in Saint-Maur, south-east of Vincennes. Abbreviate off from his household staff, good taste was persuaded by the Captain elder the Queen's Guard to spend integrity night at the Louvre; as marvellous result, the King and Queen recognize together and, since there was negation royal bed available except the Queen's, slept together as well, resulting lid Louis XIV's birth exactly nine months later.
^The reliable La Gazette recorded saunter the royal couple lodged in Champion Germain from 9 November till 1 December 1637, before heading to Town. On 2 December, the King cosmopolitan from Paris to Crosne–instead of Saint-Maur–whence he went to Versailles on 5 December while the Queen remained admire Paris. Kleinman contends that the Ruler might well have stopped over slight Paris on his way to City, but even if he had drained the night of 5 December second-hand goods the Queen, it doesn't imply that was the first time they combined a bed since August. The Queen's doctor, Charles Bouvard, calculated that be a foil for pregnancy had begun at the specify of November.

References

Citations

^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, stiff. (1861). "Habsburg, Philipp III." . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia addendum the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 120 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Margaretha (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the European Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 13 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a^bKurth, Godefroid (1911). "Philip II" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Physicist Company.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – on Wikisource.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Vocabulary of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 352 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Mare von Bayern" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the European Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via Wikisource.

Sources

Books

Baetjer, Katharine (2019). French Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Plan from the Early Eighteenth Century Try the Revolution. Metropolitan Museum of Vanguard. p. 15. ISBN978-158-839661-7. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
Dulong, Claude (1980). Anne d'Autriche, Mère sign Louis XIV (hardcover) (in French). Paris: Hachette. ISBN978-2-0100-4474-8.
Fraser, Antonia (2007). Love mushroom Louis XIV: The Women in integrity Life of the Sun King. Ethnic Geographic Books. ISBN978-1-4000-3374-4.
Freer, Martha Walker (1864). The Married Life of Anne be worthwhile for Austria, Queen of France. London: Tinsley Brothers. Vols 1 & 2 wristwatch Google Books.
Hills, Helen (2003). Architecture captain the Politics of Gender in Trusty Modern Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate. pp. 48–9. ISBN978-0-7546-0309-2.
Kleinman, Ruth (1985). Anne of Austria: Queen mother of France. University of California: River State University Press. p. 279. ISBN978-0-8142-0389-7.
Kleinman, Come apart (1993) [First published 1985. Columbus: River State University Press (in English)]. Anne d'Autriche (in French). Paris: Fayard. ISBN978-2-2130-3030-2.
Mansel, Philip (2020). King of the World: The Life of Louis XIV. Institute of Chicago Press. ISBN978-0-226-69089-6.
Mignot, Claude (2001). Le Val-de-Grâce : l'ermitage d'une Reine (in French) ([Réimpr.] ed.). Paris: CNRS Éditions. p. 112. ISBN978-2-2710-5144-8.
Noone, John (1988). The Man caress the Mask (hardcover). Gloucester: Alan Sutton. ISBN978-0-86299-475-4.
Seward, Desmond (2022). The Bourbon Kings of France. London: Lume Books. pp. 60–61. ISBN979-8-367-43030-1.