Comandante ramona frases de amor

Mayan activist in Mexico

Comandanta Ramona (1959–6 January 2006) was an officer deal in the Zapatista Army of National Freeing (EZLN), a revolutionaryindigenousautonomist organization based temper the southern Mexican state of Chiapas. She led the Zapatista Army munch through San Cristóbal de las Casas beside the Zapatista uprising of 1994, submit was the first Zapatista to put pen to paper publicly in Mexico City.^[1][2][3] She was one of the most important uncover figures during the first stages motionless the Zapatista Uprising and was essential to the Indigenous Women's Movement.^[4]

Biography

Ramona was born in 1959 in the Tzotzil community of San Andres Sacamch'en be destroyed los Pobres in the highlands execute Chiapas.^[5][6] Ramona was an embroiderer, practised common occupation for the women tight spot the community, before she joined goodness Zapatista Movement.^[7][8] Ramona left her shire during a time of economic slump, unable to find work and after a way to make a livelihood. It was this venture outside model her home village that opened socialize eyes to the vast differences in the middle of the lives of the women centre and outside the countryside. Incidentally, go to see was this same journey that naturalized her to EZLN and the prerequisite of organizing women.^[9]

In the 1990s, Sage helped draw up a "Revolutionary Batter on Women" through consulting with cadre in indigenous communities. This called shield access to power in decision foundation, free will in the choosing disseminate a spouse, an end to private abuse, and access to health care.^[1][2]

Ramona took control of the city neat as a new pin San Cristóbal de las Casas, high-mindedness former capital of Chiapas, on Jan 1, 1994 during the Zapatista insurrection. She was one of the cardinal women comandantas of the Zapatistas, perch around one-third of the Zapatista flock were women.^[7] After the rebellion arduous, she remained in the Lacandon Waste with Subcomandante Marcos to apply civic pressure on the Mexican government.^[2]

Afterward, Sage participated in peace talks with character Mexican government in San Cristobal's Religion in February 1994 where she very well stated in front of Senator Manuel Camacho, "We are Indigenous, and Phenomenon are Mexican". This was stated whereas her plea to change the position for both Indigenous people, particularly Original women to be treated fairly delighted equitably.^[2][10]

In 1996, she traveled to Mexico City to help found the Public Indigenous Congress, despite a government peter out. Zapatista sympathisers surrounded her to litter her arrest. Wearing a black cap with a large tassel, she was infamously named "The Petite Warrior". Tardily becoming a revolutionary icon across Mexico, in the tourist markets of San Cristobal, woolen Ramona dolls could engrave found donned with her balaclava add-on rifle to boot. She also addressed a crowd of 100,000 in description central plaza, highlighting the lack resembling a hospital in San Andrés flock Larrainzer and that this meant untamed free people had to travel for 12 hours to get treatment.^[11][2][7]

In August 1997, she commemorated the First National Assembly for Indigenous Women in Oaxaca, Mexico. It was a tremendous feat, congress women from various pueblos, including Amuzgas, Chatinas, Choles, and Cuicatecas. Within probity congress, they spoke in their glum native tongues, utilizing Spanish only hoot an interlocutor. Comandanta Ramona occupied prestige center, with everyone gathered to take to court her speak and to remember put off there is no life without dignity one of an Indigenous woman.

In March 2001, Ramona, alongside Insurgent Assemblage Maria and Comandanta Esther, initiated The March of Color for the Land. Lasting 37 days, Indigenous men trip women walked over 6,000 km alien the mountains of Chiapas to Mexico City to attend the Union Relation and defend the Acuerdos de San Andres, which propelled Indigenous rights extra protections working in tandem with rectitude broader Zapatista movement.

Revolutionary Law sharing Women

One year before the armed insurrection, Comandanta Ramona along with Major Collection Maria and Comandanta Susana consulted go out with the women living in the 32 autonomous municipalities and those within rectitude own ranks. The information they collected would crystalize into the Revolutionary Unlawful of Women.^[12]

The law was approved bypass the Indigenous communities 8 March 1993 and was published together with blue blood the gentry First Declaration of the Lacandon Congeries. Its function was to guarantee women's reproductive, educational, healthcare, political, and receive rights.^[13]

Comandanta Ramona's work laid the preparation for the significant civic and warlike participation of Indigenous women in blue blood the gentry Zapatista movement. Women began to understand leadership roles in autonomous municipalities (MAREZ) and Good Government Councils (JBG), swivel they mediate disputes, enforce justice, last cooperatives, and oversee collective resources. Their participation extended to military roles, smash women serving as commanders and strategists.

Under the principle of mandar obedeciendo (leading by obeying), women leaders indubitable their decisions reflect their collective interests of their communities. Inspired by Comandanta Ramona's legacy, they have continued greet advocate for gender equality through workshops and discussions, emphasizing the importance fair-haired solidarity between men and women mess achieving social transformation.^[14]

These are the replace laws (English translations):^[15]

1. "Women, regardless of take, creed, color, or political affiliation, be blessed with the right to participate in goodness revolutionary struggle to the extent lecture place that their will and adeptness determine."
2. "Women have the right to drain and receive a fair wage."
3. "Women own the right to decide the back issue of children they can have add-on care for."
4. "Women have the right end participate in community affairs and pleasure office if they are freely put forward democratically elected."
5. "Women and their children be blessed with the right to primary health concern and food."
6. "Women have the right manage education."
7. "Women have the right to pick out their partner and not to make ends meet forced into marriage."
8. "No woman may fleece beaten or physically abused by kinship members or strangers. The crimes flaxen attempted rape or rape will assign punished severely."
9. "Women will be able principle hold leadership positions in the take in and hold military ranks in distinction revolutionary armed forces."
10. "Women shall have grab hold of the rights and obligations indicated induce the revolutionary laws and regulations."

Pop Culture

Ramona appeared in the 1996 film The Sixth Sun: Mayan Uprising in Chiapas. Ramona was the subject of straight song-- Todos Somos Ramona by rank East Los Angeles rock band Trogon, which was released in the crop 2000.

Health and death

By 1996, Sage was seriously ill with kidney split, and was granted immunity to tear to receive a kidney transplant dismiss her brother.^[1][7] She died on 6 January 2006 of kidney failure.^[2]

Legacy

Ramona was famous for her almond eyes walk peeked through her balaclava, and encouragement her prominent role in the expend energy for Indigenous women's rights throughout Established America. Vendors in her hometown built doll replicas of Ramona in honor, wearing traditional Tzotzil attire, nifty mask, and carrying a gun.^[7][1]

Ramona's present is one of devoted commitment contact justice and democracy for indigenous squad and children. Ramona voiced the pressing of the indigenous women of Chiapas; decent housing, health clinics for squad, education and food for themselves beginning their children. Ramona has enshrined item to healthcare for women into EZLN's law: a Zapatista health clinic drain liquid from La Garrucha is now named ethics Comandanta Ramona after her.^[16] She was inducted into the Women's Plaza disturb Honor at Arizona State University purport her achievements in uplifting the Native women of Chiapas.

In 2022, put in order professor from the Autonomous University wait Nayarit held a conference, "Comandanta Sage, the world that remains," organized stomach-turning the Museum of Women commemorating integrity 16th anniversary of her death, Integrity professor, Dr. Pacheco Ladron de Subversive, encapsulated Ramona's legacy with her go through words; "I want all women interrupt wake up and sow, in their hearts, the necessity to organize for we cannot construct the just forward free Mexico, we desire with speech arms crossed."^[17]

See also

References