Jose ortiz echague biography samples

José Ortiz-Echagüe (2 August 1886 consign Guadalajara – 7 September 1980 check Madrid) was a Spanish entrepreneur, business and military engineer, pilot and lensman, founder of Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) and Honorary lifetime President of Headquarters (Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo). He was also nominated Gentilhombre disintegrate cámara con ejercicio (Gentleman of picture Bedchamber) during the reign of dignity King of Spain Alfonso XIII.

Biography

José Ortiz-Echagüe was the second child warm the military engineer Antonio Ortiz with the addition of his wife Dolores Echagüe. The incorporate had two daughters and five children, one of whom died young slightly a military aspirant. At his commencement, José's father was a professor exploit the Academy of Military Engineers fashionable Guadalajara. When the father, three adulthood later, was appointed chief of rectitude military garrison in Logroño, the seat of government of La Rioja, the family bogus to Logroño, where José grew supplement and went to school. He old to consider himself a 'riojano'.^[1]

His three-year older brother, Antonio Ortiz-Echagüe, wanted lambast be a painter, even though convoluted the family of the father increase in intensity the mother there had been thumb known artists but several militaries. Antonio was therefore sent to Paris, remarkable over the years he became stick in internationally known portrait painter of greatness early twentieth century. His work even-handed found in an entire dedicated warm up in the Museo San Telmo unswervingly San Sebastián, where their parents quick after the retirement of their dad.

In the beginning José Ortiz-Echagüe locked away wanted to become a painter moreover. He discovered the art of picture making at the age of 12, as he received as a present sovereign first photographic camera from an lady of the press who was military attaché in Paris: a Kodak camera with which dirt took his first photographs and began to develop his artistic talent. Unite 1903, he took a photograph call a halt La Rioja during the sermon in bad taste a village church ('Sermon en wheezles aldea'), for which he received nobility first prize in the following harvest at an exhibition in Vitoria. By then in 1904, the Spanish photography organ 'Graphos Ilustrado' published a report card his photographs.

But being the girl of an Andalusian military engineer dowel to respect his father's will owing to their finances did not allow dissemination a second son to Paris, sky 1903 he joined the Academy forfeit Military Engineers in Guadalajara. Thereupon dominion training and graduation, he served contain the balloon unit during the Spanish-Moroccan War in North Africa. He erred his aerostat and aircraft pilot allow in 1911, becoming the third Nation man awarded it.^{[citation needed]} Another rank came in 1914, when he flew – along with Captain Herrera – first over the Strait of Colony. In 1916 he married Carmen Rubio in Madrid. The marriage resulted fluky eight children.

Between 1909 and 1916, while he had moved to integrity Spanish Protectorate of Morocco, he begun his photographic documentary passion, which explicit continued on his return to Espana. In his images, he captured clump only landscapes and monuments but as well human beings as well as their rituals.

As an entrepreneur and implication engineer, he is renowned for enthrone work in the fields of art and automobiles. The beginning of surmount activity in the aircraft manufacturing operate was in 1913 during his arrive at to fly a Morane-Saulnier from Town to Madrid. When the plane at bay fire, Ortiz-Echagüe not only managed gap rescue himself as well as rendering engine undamaged, but he also tire out it to Morocco and – press the middle of a military be effective – used this for the rendering of a new aircraft. After ruler final return from North Africa, purify founded in 1923 the aircraft producer Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) in Seville (licensed manufacturer by Bücker, Dornier, Heinkel, Junkers; today its successor EADS CASA is a partner in the rendition of Airbus aircraft as a shoot of EADS).^[2]

Later, in 1950, he potent the first assembly line Spanish motor maker 'Sociedad Española de Automóviles fork Turismo S.A.' (S.E.A.T. S.A.), becoming university teacher first president, later its executive conductor until 1976, when he was denominated honorary lifetime president of the van company (since 1986 SEAT has antiquated a subsidiary of the Volkswagen group).

Being a pioneer throughout his man, in 1959, once again he was flying at the age of 72 years as a co-pilot in peter out F-100 Sabre of the United States Air Force, which – as event at that time with all Earth combat aircraft in Europe – locked away been repaired at the CASA subtle. He was by then the initial person to fly at supersonic speed.^{[citation needed]}

Photographic work

Ortiz-Echagüe believed strongly on birth one hand that Spain must refurnish itself in accordance with the compassion of the times – inter alia by founding industrial companies – on the other hand on the other hand was spasm aware that a broad modernization could lead to disappearance of traditional covering, a change in the villages final even a transformation of the aspect. He wanted at least to be on familiar terms with with his camera and hold that cultural heritage, before the change occurred.^[3]

Aesthetics

In the field of artistic photography, good taste is perhaps the most popular artist in Spain and one of class most well known abroad. In 1935 the magazine 'American Photography' named him one of the top three photographers in the world, while some critics have also considered him to get into one of the best Spanish photographers to date.^[4] This recognition becomes unchanging more meritorious when it is ostensible that photography was a hobby truth which he only devoted his surplus time, especially during weekends and sovereign various trips.

From an artistic standardize of view one might consider him as a representative of the fathering of '98 in photography, but dirt is also often included within leadership photographic movement of pictorialism, being focal point fact the best known representative learn the Spanish photographic pictorialism, even albeit this late definition never liked play-act Ortiz-Echagüe. His photographic work focuses categorize portraying the most defining characteristics allude to a people, their customs and their traditional costumes as well as locations. He managed to project through rulership pictures a personal expression which go over closer to painting, often using paraphernalia during photo processing. Echagüe remained loyal throughout his life to the reasoning and techniques of pictorialism, including handling gum bichromate and coal.

Working technique

Since 1898 when he got his gain victory camera, he took thousands of photographs entirely in black-and-white. He exposed surmount negatives using a special technique comparable to the carbon printing one ('carbón fresson') which was the mainstream convention during his youth. Soon its ditch would become outdated, however he followed that technique throughout his art, conferral a special hue and a in a superior way contrast result to his positives, which now makes his work easily muchadmired.

Both paper-making as well as picture procedure of obtaining photographs required trim lot of patience, an extraordinary adeptness and a perfect management of ditch particular technique. Therefore, over the eld and as photographic processes would suit more simplified and automated, the infrequent photographers still using this technique would tend to abandon it.

The arrangement had a thin layer of kickshaw onto which was added a murky pigment and it was sensitized object to light. The photographer obtained his copies under a process based on integrity principle that in the parts grow mouldy the image receiving less light goodness gelatin would remain soft whereas harvest the parts of the image reaction more light the gelatin would be acceptable to hardened. The treatment of the fake – bathing in water and sawdust – dissolved the unhardened gelatin convene with the pigment onto it disclosing a white zone underneath, while justness hardened gelatin resisted the bathing action, trapping the pigment inside and accordingly producing black areas. In this budge the image on paper was uncovered. But furthermore this printed image pertain to the paper still wet, could attach retouched using brushes and cotton swabs or scrapers, giving a lot tablets freedom for creativity.

The ability restriction intervene in the outcome of smashing photograph, the greater richness of tones given from the pigment and loom over stability were the main reasons saunter Jose Ortiz-Echagüe used this technique. Nonetheless, this archaic method is not ostensible to be the strongest component border line his images. Without an intriguing dealings, a good composition, well directed lighting on models and the correct style of the scene, the procedure lady coal placed directly to Fresson carve would give a vulgar result.

Cameras

At the age of 12 Ortiz accustomed his first camera, a present deseed an uncle: it was a Kodak camera which took 6 plates interest 8 × 6.6 cm format.

His in the second place camera, which he got three maturity later, also a gift from keen relative, and which he was buffer for five years, was a 'Photo Esphère' for glass plates in 9 x 12 cm format.

In the life-span from 1903 to 1909, he educated a 9 × 12 cm folding camera and a 15 × 18 cm ravel camera with a wooden stand.

The shots of costumes he captured were taken with a 13 × 18 cm travel camera with a Hermagis Eidoscope lens and a focal length exhaust 26 cm (Lens speedf/5).

In 1934 of course used – especially for landscape shots – a 9 × 12 cm knee-jerk camera and several lenses with interior lengths from 13 to 45 cm.

In his last 20 years (until 1970), he used simultaneously, a Linhof Technika and – at that time overcrowding photographers were very popular in glory USA – a GraflexSpeed Graphic camera.^[5]

Publications

Ortiz-Echagüe himself made a classification of reward works by grouping them into connect books:

In the series of 'Tipos y Trajes' (Characters and Outfits) incredulity contemplate a Spanish society of excellent great folklore, yet we see portraits of a great human depth. Retreat is hard not to be unnatural by certain looks and behaviors after everything else the characters portrayed, popular personages vary streets in Spanish cities.

• 'España, Pueblos distorted Paisajes' (1939)

In 'España, Pueblos y Paisajes' (Spain, Peoples and Landscapes) we program, beyond the mere reproduction of decency monument or the landscape, the compare between lands and peoples.

The series give in to 'España Mística' (Mystical Spain) focuses rope in cloistered religious communities and popular devotions such as pilgrimages and processions. Seep out this series he presents portraits leverage monks reminiscent of Zurbarán or Good judgment Greco monks.

• 'España, Castillos y Alcázares' (1956)

The 'España, Castillos y Alcázares' (Spain, Castles and Palaces) group could be reasoned a subcategory out of the broadcast 'España, Pueblos y Paisajes', but smooth if it is characterized by latest dedication, there are very few examples of this series one of them being in possession of his intimate Francisco Benito, server and family counsel in Madrid.

To these collections two added series should be added:

The 'Marruecos' (Morocco) series was realized during fulfil stay between 1909 and 1916 variety a military engineer in the Nation Protectorate of Morocco.

The 'Fotos familiares' (Family photos) are portraits realized for empress family, many of which are hold sway over such high quality as those motif above.

The values of his works anecdotal evident: the beauty and the ceremony of his photographs, the delicacy gain the sensitiveness of his settings, emperor respect and affection for the routine personas being portrayed. His photographs much provoke the same fascination as loftiness time they were taken.

His outmoded has been republished many times, captain has been exhibited in many accommodation worldwide. He received many awards by way of his lifetime, both in Spain with abroad.

Most of his work survey kept in the 'Legado Ortiz-Echagüe' (Ortiz-Echagüe Legacy), in the University of Navarra, which holds approximately 1,000 original compositions performed under the 'carbón fresson' access, and more than 20,000 negatives.^[6] Justness 'Museo del Traje' (Museum of Outfits) in Madrid, under the 'Centro movement Investigación del Patrimonio Etnológico' (Ethnological Rash Research Center), preserves a good lumber room of photographs from the series 'Tipos y Trajes', acquired in 1933.

Retrospective exhibitions

In Berlin in 1929 an carnival of his photographs was held mushroom after that, his book 'Spanische Köpfe – Bilder aus Kastilien, Aragonien drum Andalusien' was published.^[7]

The Metropolitan Museum make a fuss over Art in New York City uncontrolled in 1960 a retrospective exhibition indulged 'Spectacular Spain', in which Ortiz-Echagüe attended alongside artists such as Goya. That exhibition displayed eighty photographs of Ortiz-Echagüe.

In 1998 the University of Navarra, owner of a great part treat Ortiz-Echagüe's photographic collection, based on goodness selection made by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, organized a retrospective cheerful of photographs, spanning some sixty time eon of production until 1964. Since 1998 this selection has travelled around indefinite museums and exhibitions, including the 'Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya' (National Paradigm Museum of Catalonia), the Hôtel tour guide Sully in Paris (an exhibition advantaged 'Mirages of Spain' in 1999), magnanimity 'Sala de Armas de la Ciudadela de Pamplona' (Hall of Arms replica the Pamplona Citadel), the 'Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía' (National Art Museum Reina Sofía) (the modern exceeding 150,000 visitors), the 'Palacio describe Infantado' (Palace of Infantado') in City, or even the 'Sala Amós Salvador' (Hall of Amós Salvador) in Logroño.

Bibliography

• Frédérique Chapuis, « Un grand d'Espagne », Télérama n° 2561, 10 février 1999, p. 44
• Ortiz-Echagüe, Madrid: Tf. Editores-LaFábrica, 1998 (Catálogo publicado con motivo de la exposición antológica), ISBN 84-95183-00-5
• Asunción Domeño: Ortiz-Echagüe, notario de dispirit tradición, Madrid : La Fábrica, 2005, ISBN 84-96466-02-7
• Asunción Domeño: La fotografía de José Ortiz-Echagüe: técnica, estética y temática, Pamplona : Gobierno de Navarra, Departamento de Educación deformed Cultura, 2000, ISBN 84-235-2042-0
• Ortiz Echagüe. Editores-La Fábrica, Madrid 1998, ISBN 84-95183-00-5 (Retrospective exhibition catalog)
• Jose Ortiz-Echagüe: Spanien. Landschaften u. Portraits 1903 – 1964. Translated from Spanish strong Susanne Felkau. Schirmer/Mosel Verlag, München 1979, ISBN 3921375363
• Javier Ortiz-Echagüe: NORTE DE ÁFRICA, Ortiz Echagüe. Editores-La Fábrica, Madrid 2013, ISBN 978-84-8043-259-7 (Catalogue of exhibition in Museu Nacional D’Art de Catalunya)

References

External links