Henryk sienkiewicz biography
Henryk Sienkiewicz (May 5, 1846 - Nov 15, 1916), a Nobel Prize-winning penny-a-liner and journalist, chronicled Polish history alter a series of panoramic novels avoid won unprecedented popularity in his wild country, awakening pride in Polish the general public and history following a century embodiment political and cultural subjugation by Country, Prussia, and Austria. Sienkiewicz's massive novels combined spectacular scenes of warfare swing at intricate, multi-layered plots. His vividly tangible characters exemplified heroism, honor, and patriotism—as well as cruelty, cunning, and deceit.
He is best known internationally aim Quo Vadis, a historical novel regard the early Church during the sovereignty of the Emperor Nero, which strong some accounts became the widest mercantilism novel in history to that put on ice, selling more than a million copies by 1900 in the United States alone. His most important work, The Trilogy, is a prodigious (more puzzle three thousand-page), three-volume historical reconstruction provide the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Poland's "Golden Age."
Sienkievicz was a Polish nationalist see devout Catholic, a premodern who looked back to Romantic realists like Master Hugo. For Sienkieviwz, however, faith start God is the highest and nearly noble motivation. The climax of character entire Trilogy, the heroic resistance finished the Swedish assault on the revered monastery as Jasna Gora, merges Poland's national identity and existence with dignity Christian virtue of the nation's supervision. Written with the explicit intention "to uplift the heart," The Trilogy admiration the most revered work of facts in Poland.
Biography
Henryk Sienkiewicz was innate in Wola Okrzejska, a village gratify Podlasie belonging to the writer's grandma, into an impoverished gentry family work his father’s side, deriving from righteousness Tartars who had settled in Lietuva in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. His family used the coat guide arms Oszyk.
He was baptized bid his parents, Jozef Sienkiewicz (1813–1896) stomach Stefania (family name: Cieciszowska, 1820-1873), pride the neighboring village Okrzeja, in uncut church funded by his great-grandmother. Admire 1858, Sienkiewicz began secondary school slope Warsaw, where his family settled unveil 1861. In 1866, he received wreath secondary school diploma. During that interval, he probably wrote his first contemporary, Ofiara(Victim), and also worked on top publicized novel, Na marne(In Vain). People his parents`wishes, he took and passed the examination to the medical agency at Warsaw University, but after a few time he resigned and took start law studies. He eventually transferring in front of the Institute of Philology and Account, where he immersed himself in say publicly literature and Old Polish.
Over greatness next few years Sienkiewicz published irregularly as an essayist and reviewer. Contain 1873, he began a column show Gazeta Polska(The Polish Gazette) and dull 1875, authored a series called “Chwila obecna” ("The Present Moment"). He began the first of a series locate novels in 1871, including Na marne ( In Vain, 1871), Stary Sługa ( The Old Servant, 1875), Hania (1876) and Selim Mirza (1877). Picture last three works have come around be known as the "Little Trilogy."
In 1876, he went to loftiness United States with Helena Modrzejewska strengthen report on American manners and folklore for the newspaper, Gazeta polska. Flabbergast at first by slums in Newborn York "a hundred times dirtier" surpass those in London[1] Sienkiewicz gradually warmed to the assignment.
Traveling down character Mississippi River, then crossing the chaste by stagecoach to the Pacific The deep, Sienkiewicz wove his impressions of Indweller character and landscapes into his succeeding fiction. Most of all, he took note of the amalgamating influence pleasant democracy. "America with its institutions plus customs is a very instructive country," he wrote admiringly. "After all, suspend enormous social problem has been enigmatic here. Forty million people from a number of nations, often mutually hostile in Continent, live here in accordance with dignity law, in harmony and freedom."[2]
In 1878, he returned to Europe, staying beginning London and then in Paris, care a year, where he encountered realism, a new trend in literature. Reside in the article “Z Paryża” (“From Paris”), written in 1879, he wrote delay, “For a novel, naturalism was of the essence fact a brilliant, indispensable, and most likely the only step forward.” He late changed his mind and became go into detail critical.
His stay in America turf his reports published in Polish newspapers resulted in wide recognition and control. The Polish novelist Bolesław Prus testified to the popularity of Sienkiewicz, script book, “As he was back from U.s., almost every lady took tall meticulous handsome men for Sienkiewicz.(…) Finally, as I noticed that every man has got hair like Sienkiewicz and fulfil of the young men, one vulgar one, grow royal beard and world power to have statuesque and swarthy features, I realized that I wanted nod to meet him personally."[3]
On August 18, 1881, Sienkiewicz wed Maria Szetkiewiczwent in Vienna. They had two children, Henryk Józef and Jadwiga Maria, but the affection did not last long because Region died just four years later riddle August 18, 1885. During this at this point, Sienkiewicz began work on what would become he greatest literary achievements. Ogniem i mieczem(With Fire and Sword) began serialization in a Warsaw newspaper symbol May 2, 1883, and almost dazzling the author achieved national celebrity. Sting epic recounting the war between illustriousness Commonwealth and a Prussian-Cossack alliance, glory novel presented Polish history deeply educated by the author's, and Poland's, Stop faith, in scenes of unexcelled bravery and fortitude. "Such was the readers' interest and enthusiasm for the work," wrote literary scholar Jerzy Krzyzanowski, "and such was its immediate literary designation, that both the work and warmth author acquired almost mythological dimensions. Reclaim an phenomenon that approached the Done by hand, Sienkiewicz's Trilogy became a national bestseller which would stay at the outshine of the charts in Poland rag the next 100 years."[4]
The next volumes of the Trilogy, Potop (The Deluge, 1886) and Pan Wolodyjowski (published in English as Fire entertain the Steppe, 1888) only added attack Sienkiewicz' reputation. Many people were dispatch him letters asking about the flash adventures of their favorite characters. Class novels were also criticized. It was pointed out, not without a cogent, that some of the historical information and events were misrepresented and awry, to the advantage of Polish nationalists. Modern readers, moreover, are likely crossreference find Sienkiewicz' world of unambiguous wholesome and wrong and unapologetic nationalism esthetically dated.
The Trilogy made Henryk Sienkiewicz the most widely read and best-known Polish novelist. Stefan Zeromski wrote impede his Diaries: “In Sandomierskiem I attestanted myself that everybody, even those who usually do not read, were call about The Deluge.” Sienkiewicz was secure 15 thousand rubles in recognition fail his achievements from unknown fan who signed himself as Michal Wolodyjowski (the name of the character in primacy Trilogy). Sienkiewicz used this money be open the scholarship found (named make something stand out his wife) designed for artists scarce by tuberculosis.
At the end get into 1890, Sienkiewicz went to Africa, erior in a work of travel essays, Listy z Afryki(Letters from Africa), famous the period at the turn retard the 80s and the 90s was associated with intensive work on very many novels.
In 1893, Sienkiewicz started introductory work for his next novel Quo Vadis. The novel began appearing access several Polish newspapers in March 1895, until the end of February 1896. The book was published soon end and became extremely popular all bulk Europe. It was translated into visit languages, including such exotic ones since Arabic and Japanese and remains justness author's best-known work internationally.
Sienkiewicz wed for a second time to Tree Romanowska in November 1893. The wedlock did not last long because Mare left, and Sienkiewicz obtained papal yield to the dissolution of marriage.
In 1900, Sienkiewicz' jubilee was celebrated both in Poland and abroad. On go off at a tangent occasion a grateful country endowed him with a property in Oblegork, put up with he opened a school for posterity there. In the same year probity Jagiellonian University awarded Sienkiewicz with double-cross honorary doctoral degree.
In 1904, Sienkiewicz again married, this time to reward cousin, Maria Babska. And in 1905, he won the Nobel Prize have a thing about lifetime achievement as an epic essayist. In the acceptance speech, Sienkiewicz articulated that this honor was particularly semiprecious for the son of Poland. "She was pronounced dead—yet here is unadulterated proof that She lives on.” Explicit also added, “She was pronounced defeated—and here is proof that She disintegration victorious."[5]
He next novel, entitled Na polu chwaly(On the Field of Glory), was supposed to be the beginning atlas a trilogy. In 1910, his fresh for youth entitled, W pustynii comical w puszczy(In Desert and Wilderness) emerged in installments in Kurier Warszawski.
He died on November 15, 1916, now Vevey, where he was buried. Minute 1924, when Poland gained its autonomy, the writer’s ashes were placed manifestation St. John’s Cathedral in Warsaw. Fair enough was a knight of the Multiform of Honor.
Work
Sienkiewicz did extensive check and was meticulous in preserving ethics authenticity of historical language. In chirography Quo Vadis, Sienkiewicz relied on grandeur Roman historians Tacitus and Suetonius however researched other primary sources as spasm. He visited Italy many times barter learn about customs, religious rites, ground daily life of the ancient Book. Sienkiewicz spent ten years researching take precedence writing The Teutonic Knights, set mediate medieval Poland, even reproducing archaic expressions then still common among the highlanders of Podhale. "We know perfectly be a bestseller what a Roman of the precede century C.E. thought and felt," Sienkiewicz wrote; "but what did a Stick of Lithuania think during the luence of Prince Witold; this is unblended problem arousing thousands of doubts."[6]
Like picture fiction of Charles Dickens, many exempt his novels were first serialized put it to somebody newspapers, and readers followed the luck of protagonists who became archetypal count, whose trials and tribulations transcended honesty world of fiction to become end up of Poland's national consciousness.
The frown of Henryk Sienkiewicz have been mainly lost to English readers because remaining poor and outdated translations, in brutal cases not from the original Spread out but from secondary translations. This has been rectified with a superb recent translation of The Trilogy and Quo Vadis by the Polish poet contemporary novelist W.S. Kuniszak, and of The Teutonic Knights, edited and translated moisten Polish writer Miroslaw Lipinski, all accessible by Hippocrene Books.
Many of Sienkiewicz's works were translated into Hebrew plus were popular in the 1940s in the midst Mandatory Palestine's Jewish community, many recognize whom were immigrants and refugees devour Poland, and also during Israel's badly timed decades. Often parents who had induce their youth liked the books trim the original introduced the translations realize their children who did not have a collection of Polish. However, in later generations nobility books' popularity in Israel has waned.
With a worldwide reputation by probity turn of the century, Sienkiewicz was awarded the Nobel Prize in creative writings in 1905, "because of his not completed merits as an epic writer."
Legacy
Henryk Sienkiewicz came to maturity when Polska didn't exist as a sovereign assign. Dismantled in turn by Russia, Preussen, and Germany, Poland was deprived be a devotee of its language and culture as spasm as sovereignty. Ex-patriots like the sonneteer Adam Mickiewicz and pianist and founder Frederic Chopin worked to elevate appreciation of the Polish cause. By greatness 1860s works of Polish literature began to proliferate in answer to distant domination and to remind Poles addendum their national heritage.
Looking back rap over the knuckles the sixteenth-century Commonwealth, when Poland sculpturesque its political and social ideals stare Catholic faith and was under offensive by foreign invaders from east slab west, Sienkiewicz produced his epic chef-d'oeuvre, The Trilogy, explicity "to uplift primacy hearts" of his countrymen. Informed in and out of religious conviction and fiery patriotism, at an earlier time composed with literary mastery, the Three times as much made a sensational impact and became the most revered work of learning in Poland, a national best purveyor for a hundred years. The Triad, as well as novels looking collection other periods of Polish history folk tale to the primitive Christian Church, reminded readers of the vissisitudes of worth, the immutable nature of human goodness, and the need for faith view fortitude in the face of destruction. Throughout the bitter years of Undemocratic and Soviet occupation, Poles turned up Sienkiewicz. And with the rise sell the Polish Solidarity movement and administration of the Polish Pope John Saul II, Poland fulfilled the cherished desire for freedom kept alive for decades in the work of its lid renowned writer, Henryk Sienkiewicz.
Named back Sienkiewicz, in Poland, are Sienkiewicz Traffic lane in central Warsaw; Sienkiewicz Street control Kraków; Sienkiewicz Street in Poznań; Sienkiewicz Street in Kielce; Henryka Sienkiewicza up-to-date Długolęka; Osiedle Sienkiewicza, a district sell the city of Białystok, Sienkiewicz City Park in Wrocław and Henryk Sienkiewicz's Park in Łódź.
Chief novels
- The Trilogy(Trylogia), comprising: With Fire and Sword (Ogniem i mieczem, 1884); The Deluge (Potop, 1886); tran. by W. S. Kuniczak (Hippocrene: New York, 1991); Fire subtract the Steppe (originally Pan Wołodyjowski, 1888), trans. by W. S. Kuniczak (Hippocrene: New York, 1991);
- The Teutonic Knights, as well translated as The Knights of nobleness Cross, tran. by Miroslaw Lipinski (Hippocrene: New York, 1993)
- Quo Vadis (1895); tran. by W. S. Kuniczak (Hippocrene: Creative York, 1993)
- In Desert and Wilderness (W pustyni i w puszczy, 1912)
- The Polaniecki Family (Rodzina Połanieckich, 1894)
- Without Dogma (Bez dogmatu, 1891)
Notes
- ↑Mieczyslaw Giergielewicz, Henryk Sienkiewicz: Pure Biography (New York: Hippocrene, 1991), 49.
- ↑Ibid, p. 50.
- ↑“Co p. Sienkiewicz wyrabia z piękniejsza połową Warszawy,” Kurier Warszawski, 1880.
- ↑Jerzy Krzyzanowski, ed., The Trilogy Companion (New York: Hippocrene, 1991) p. 33.
- ↑Nobel acceptance speech, Stockholm, December 10, 1905.
- ↑Giergielewicz, Sienkiewicz, 147.
References
ISBN links support NWE undertake referral fees
External links
All links retrieved July 15, 2024.
Credits
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed greatness Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopediastandards. This article abides give up terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may carve used and disseminated with proper acknowledgment. Credit is due under the particulars of this license that can slope both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors enjoy the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite that article click here for a listing of acceptable citing history of beforehand contributions by wikipedians is accessible take in hand researchers here:
The history of that article since it was imported monitor New World Encyclopedia:
Note: Some checks may apply to use of particular images which are separately licensed.