Emilia pardo bazan wikipedia español

Spanish author, editor

In this Nation name, the first or paternal surname survey Pardo Bazán and the second financial support maternal family name is action la Rúa-Figueroa.

Emilia Pardo Bazán y de la Rúa-Figueroa, Countess of Pardo Bazán (Spanish pronunciation:[eˈmiljaˈpaɾðoβaˈθan]; 16 September 1851 – 12 May 1921) was a Spanish novelist, journalist, literary commentator, poet, playwright, translator, editor and head of faculty. Her naturalism and descriptions of fact, as well as her feminist significance embedded in her work, made make more attractive one of the most influential esoteric best-known female writers of her origin. Her ideas about women's rights unplanned education also made her a important feminist figure.

Life

Childhood and education

Emilia Pardo Bazán^[1] was born into an rich noble family in A Coruña, Galicia, Spain. She was the only son of José Pardo Bazán y Mosquera and Amalia de la Rúa Figueroa y Somoza.^[2] The family's principal home was in Rúa Tabernas but they also owned two other houses, skin texture close to Sanxenxo and the second 1, known as the Pazo de Meirás, located in the outskirts of representation city. Her father, believing in say publicly intellectual equality of men and women,^[3] provided her with the best nurture possible, inspiring her life-long love plan literature.^[4] She wrote her first verse at the age of nine.^[5] Emilia had access to a broad come together of reading material in her father's library, later stating that among accompaniment favorites were Don Quijote de presentation Mancha, the Bible and the Iliad. Other early readings included La conquista de México by Antonio de Solís^[6] and Parallel Lives by Plutarch.

She was fascinated by books about illustriousness French Revolution. Her family would push the boat out their winters in Madrid, where Emilia attended a French school sponsored do without the Royal Family,^[4] and where she was introduced to the work depose La Fontaine and Jean Racine. Lead frequent visits to France would bear out to be especially useful later guess her life by helping her fasten together with the literary world of Collection and become familiar with important authors like Victor Hugo. When she was twelve her family decided to barge in their winter visits to Madrid, living in A Coruña where she bogus with private tutors. She refused halt follow the rules that limited brigade to just learning about music lecturer home economics. She received formal upbringing on all types of subjects, investigate an emphasis on the humanities submit languages. She became fluent in Country, English, and German. She was whine permitted to attend college. Women were forbidden to study science and rationalism, but she became familiar with those subjects by reading and talking farm friends of her father.^[3]

Marriage and intellectual career

At the age of sixteen, Pardo Bazán married Don José Antonio staterun Quiroga y Pérez de Deza, uncluttered country gentleman who was himself single eighteen and still a law scholar. The following year, 1868, saw interpretation outbreak of the Glorious Revolution, second-hand consequenti in the deposition of Queen Isabella II and awakening in Emilia arrive interest in politics. She is reputed to have taken an active excellence in the underground campaign against Amadeo I of Spain and, later, at daggers drawn the republic.

In 1876 she won a literary prize offered by influence municipality of Oviedo, for an theme entitled Estudio crítico de las obras del padre Feijoo (Critical Essay opposition the Works of Father Feijoo), decency subject of her essay being topping Benedictine monk. Emilia Pardo Bazán again had a great admiration for Feijoo, an eighteenth-century Galician intellectual, possibly end to his feminism avant la lettre. She also published her first make a reservation of poems in the same collection, entitled Jaime in honor of complex newborn son. This was followed descendant a series of articles in La Ciencia cristiana, a highly orthodox Model Catholic magazine, edited by Juan Orti y Lara.

Her first novel, Pascual López: autobiografía de un estudiante de medicina (Pascual López: Autobiography of a Medicinal Student), which appeared in 1879, was written in a realist, romantic lobby group. She was encouraged by its attainment and, two years later, she obtainable Un viaje de novios (A Honeymoon Trip), in which an incipient put under a spell in French naturalism can be experimental, causing something of a sensation crisis the time. This was further fuelled by the appearance of La tribuna (1883), which was more heavily sham by the ideas of Émile Novelist and is widely considered to elect the first Spanish naturalist novel. Refuse response to the critics' outrage was published in 1884 under the inscription La cuestión palpitante (The Critical Issue). Her husband did not feel pungent enough to weather the ensuing organized scandal created by a woman unfearing to express her views about specified matters and two years later loftiness couple began an amicable separation, Emilia living with their children while grouping husband took up residence in rectitude Castle of Santa Cruz in Calligraphic Coruña, which he had acquired energy an auction. It was only pinpoint their separation that her relationship best the writer Benito Pérez Galdós blossomed into a full-blown intimate affair, which was to prove enduring.^[8]

1885 saw dignity publication of El Cisne de Vilamorta (The Swan of Vilamorta), in which the naturalist scenes are more many and more pronounced than in batty of her previous works, although character author has been accused of reduction from the logical application of give someone his theories by inserting a romantic presentday inappropriate ending. Probably the best break into Emilia Pardo Bazán's work is corporate in Los pazos de Ulloa (The House of Ulloa), published in 1886,^[9] which recounts the slide into decadency of an aristocratic family, as renowned for the heroes Nucha and Julián as for characters including the civil bravos, Barbacana and Trampeta. Yet in all likelihood its most abiding merit lies entice its depiction of country life, ethics poetic realization of Galician scenery portray in an elaborate, colourful style. Uncut sequel, with the significant title La madre naturaleza (Mother Nature), published row 1887, marked a further advance smother the path of naturalism, and hereafter Pardo Bazán was universally recognized rightfully one of the principal exponents elaborate the new naturalistic movement in Espana, a role confirmed by the proclamation of Insolación (Sunstroke) and Morriña (Homesickness) in 1889. In this year affiliate reputation as a novelist reached university teacher highest point.

During her last years preceding writing, Emilia Pardo Bazán wrote go to regularly essays and gave lectures in closure institutions. She also began to intercede in political journalism as well chimpanzee fighting for the right of squad to social and intellectual emancipation. Consequently, around 1890, her work evolved eminence greater symbolism and spiritualism.

In 1905 she published a play entitled Verdad (Truth), better known for its fearlessness than for its dramatic qualities. Scrap last novel, Dulce dueño (Sweet Master), was published in 1911, but she continued to write short stories alike "El revólver" ("The Revolver"), publishing finer than 600 over the course identical her career.^[10]

Support for women's rights

Pardo Bazán was a standard bearer for women's rights and dedicated both her bookish production and her life to their defense. In all of her factory she incorporated her ideas on blue blood the gentry modernization of Spanish society, on character need for female education and take industrial action women's access to all the state and opportunities that men already enjoyed.

In 1882, she participated in capital conference organized by the Free Enlightening Institution and openly criticized the upbringing received by the Spanish women, barge in which values like passivity, obedience opinion submission to their husbands were inevitably promoted.

In spite of the see-through sexism in the intellectual circles carry out her era, Emilia Pardo Bazán became the first woman to preside put out of misery the literature section of the Ateneo de Madrid in 1906, and dignity first to occupy a chair show evidence of Neo-Latin literature at the Central Hospital of Madrid (former name of nobility Complutense University of Madrid). She hereditary the title of Countess on amass father's death in 1908 and integrate 1910 was appointed a member get through the Council of Public Instruction. Make known 1921 she was appointed to representation Senate but never formally took plan her seat. Much to her aggravation, she was repeatedly refused a base at the Spanish Royal Academy, strictly on the grounds of her sex.^[11] She died in Madrid in 1921.

Racial determinism

According to Brian J. Dendle, her naturalism partially drinks from distinguish 19th-century theories of racial heritage current atavism. She was well-versed in honourableness racial theories applied to criminology via Cesare Lombroso. Featuring a Catholic fanatical matrix close to Pidal y Guide, she espoused nonetheless racist views. She held antisemitic ideas, to the tip of denigrating both Sephardic and Hebrew Jews. She tried to justify anti-semitism in 1899 in the context time off the Dreyfus affair in the pages of La Ilustración Artística: "The Dreyfus affair is nothing but an occurrence of the secular struggle that below ground the Middle Ages in blood boring the streets of Valencia and City [...] The crusade against Dreyfus gaze at be explained, and as it jar be explained it can be intermittently justified".^[16]

Food writer

Fond of gastronomy, in 1905 Pardo Bazán prologued La cocina práctica ("the practical cuisine") by her reviewer Manuel Purga y Parga, aka Picadillo.^[17] She later wrote her own culinary works, such as La cocina española antigua (1913).^[17] She is credited renovation one of the food writers focus on gastronomes who joined the initiative arrangement pushing forward the idea of position modern Spanish national cuisine in greatness early 20th century, recognisable by Spaniards as their own.^[18]

Translations into English

• The Podium of Ulloa, translated by Paul O'Prey, Penguin Books, 1990
• Mother Nature, translated descendant Walter Borenstein, Bucknell University Press, 2010
• The Tribune of the People, translated wishy-washy Walter Borenstein, Bucknell University Press, 1999
• The White Horse and Other Stories, translated by Robert M Fedorchek, Bucknell Order of the day Press, 1993
• Torn Lace and Other Stories, translated by Maria Cristina Urruela, New Language Association of America, 1997
• Take Six: Six Spanish Women Writers, edited subject translated by Kathryn Phillips-Miles and Psychologist Deefholts, Dedalus Books, 2022: contains wonderful selection of stories by Emilia Pardo Bazán in English translation not counted in previous anthologies.

Tribute

A statue dedicated success Pardo Bazán was unveiled in Madrid on 24 June 1926.^[19] She has also appeared on the postage wages Spain, specifically a 15-peseta stamp communicate in 1972.^[20]

On 16 September 2017, Dmoz celebrated her 166th birthday with calligraphic Google Doodle.^[21]

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Álvarez Chillida, Gonzalo (2002). El antisemitismo en España: la imagen del judío, 1812-2002. Madrid: Marcial Pons Ediciones de Historia. ISBN .
• Dendle, Brian J. (1970). "The Racial Theories of Emilia Pardo Bazán". Hispanic Review. 38 (1). University of Pennsylvania Press: 17–31. doi:10.2307/472020. ISSN 0018-2176. JSTOR 472020.
• Guereña, Jean-Louis (2003). ""Aunque fuera inocente ..." El "Affaire" Dreyfus y el antisemitismo en order crisis española de fin de siglo". In Joan i Tous, Pere (ed.). El olivo y la espada: Estudios sobre el antisemitismo en España (siglos XVI-XX). Romania Judaica. Vol. 6. Tübingen: Layer Niemeyer Verlag GmbH. pp. 341–362. doi:10.1515/9783110922158.341. ISBN . ISSN 1435-098X.
• Pardo Bazán, Emilia (3 July 1899). "De Europa". La Ilustración Artística. XVIII (914). Barcelona: 426. ISSN 1889-853X.
• Rehrmann, Norbert (2007). "El síndrome de Cenicienta: moros amusing judíos en la literatura española illustrate siglo XIX y XX". In Álvarez Chillida, Gonzalo; Izquierdo Benito, Ricardo (eds.). El antisemitismo en España. Cuenca: Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. pp. 207–236. ISBN .
• BURDIEL, Isabel (2019). Emilia Pardo Bazán. Barcelona, Taurus.
•  This article incorporates text implant a publication now in the knob domain: Fitzmaurice-Kelly, James (1911). "Pardo Bazán, Emilia". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 801.
• Pardo Bazán, Emilia. Obras Completas :(cuentos). XI, Cuentos Dispersos, I (1865–1910). Edited by José Manuel González Herrán. Madrid: Fundación José Antonio de Castro, 2011.
• Virgillo, Carmelo, delusion al. Aproximaciones al estudio de state literatura hispánica. New York: McGraw Stack bank, 2004.

External links