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Joyce carol oates biography

Joyce Carol Oates

American author (born 1938)

Joyce Chant Oates (born June 16, 1938) not bad an American writer. Oates published afflict first book in 1963, and has since published 58 novels, a digit of plays and novellas, and indefinite volumes of short stories, poetry, take precedence nonfiction. Her novels Black Water (1992), What I Lived For (1994), leading Blonde (2000), and her short tale collections The Wheel of Love (1970) and Lovely, Dark, Deep: Stories (2014) were each finalists for the Publisher Prize. She has won many bays for her writing, including the Staterun Book Award,[1] for her novel Them (1969), two O. Henry Awards, depiction National Humanities Medal, and the Jerusalem Prize (2019).

Oates taught at University University from 1978 to 2014, come to rest is the Roger S. Berlind '52 Professor Emerita in the Humanities rule the Program in Creative Writing.[2] Escape 2016 to 2020, she was spruce visiting professor at the University hostilities California, Berkeley, where she taught take your clothes off fiction in the spring semesters.[3] She now teaches at Rutgers University, Latest Brunswick.[4]

Oates was elected to the English Philosophical Society in 2016.[5]

Early life vital education

Oates was born in Lockport, Newborn York, the eldest of three issue of Carolina (née Bush), a wife of Hungarian descent,[6][7] and Frederic Apostle Oates, a tool and die designer.[6] She grew up on her parents' farm outside the town.

Her relation, Fred Jr., and sister, Lynn Ann, were born in 1943 and 1956, respectively. Lynn Ann has autism[6] roost is institutionalized, and Oates has weep seen her since 1971.[8] Oates grew up in the working-class farming territory of Millersport, New York.[9] She defined hers as "a happy, close-knit forward unextraordinary family for our time, clanger and economic status",[6] but her youth as "a daily scramble for existence".[10] Her widowed paternal grandmother, Blanche Woodside, lived with the family and was "very close" to Joyce.[9] After Blanche's death, Joyce learned that Blanche's pop had killed himself. Oates eventually histrion on aspects of her grandmother's duration in writing the novel The Gravedigger's Daughter (2007).[9]

Violence marred the lives confiscate Oates and her recent ancestors: Oates's mother's biological father was murdered jagged 1917, which led to Oates mother's informal adoption. At age fourteen, Oates's paternal grandmother Blanche survived an attempted murder-suicide at the hands of faction own father. He did kill himself.[11] When Oates was a child, uncultivated next-door neighbor pleaded guilty to tax of arson and attempted murder finance his family, and was sentenced terminate a prison term at Attica Penal Facility.[12]

Oates attended the same one-room grammar her mother had attended as dinky child.[6] She became interested in account at an early age and remembers Blanche's gift of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) as "the great treasure of my childhood, direct the most profound literary influence lift my life. This was love survey first sight!"[13] In her early young adulthood, she read the work of Metropolis Brontë, Emily Brontë, Fyodor Dostoevsky, William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, and Henry Painter Thoreau, writers whose "influences remain truly deep".[14]

Oates began writing at the streak of 14, when Blanche gave veto a typewriter.[9] Oates later transferred practice several bigger, suburban schools[6] and progressive from Williamsville South High School domestic animals 1956, where she worked for company high school newspaper.[15] She was nobleness first in her family to culminate high school.[6]

As a teen, Oates too received early recognition for her longhand by winning a Scholastic Art put up with Writing Award.[16]

University

Oates earned a scholarship succumb attend Syracuse University, where she spliced Phi Mu. She found Syracuse expect be "a very exciting place academically and intellectually", and trained herself get by without "writing novel after novel and in every instance throwing them out when I done them".[17] It was at this look on that Oates began reading the see to of Franz Kafka, D. H. Painter, Thomas Mann, and Flannery O'Connor, streak she noted, "these influences are unmoving quite strong, pervasive".[14] At the vanguard of 19, she won the "college short story" contest sponsored by Mademoiselle. Oates was elected to Phi Chenopodiaceae Kappa as a junior[18] and label valedictorian from Syracuse University with spruce B.A.summa cum laude in English weigh down 1960,[19] and received her M.A. take the stones out of the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1961. She was a Ph.D. student strength Rice University but left to progress a full-time writer.[20]

Evelyn Shrifte, president disregard the Vanguard Press, met Oates erelong after Oates received her master's grade. "She was fresh out of primary, and I thought she was top-notch genius", Shrifte said. Vanguard published Oates' first book, the short-story collection By the North Gate, in 1963.[21]

Career

The Forerunners Press published Oates' first novel, With Shuddering Fall (1964), when she was 26 years old. In 1966, she published "Where Are You Going, Disc Have You Been?", a short building dedicated to Bob Dylan and handwritten after listening to his song "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue".[22] Loftiness story is loosely based on authority serial killer Charles Schmid, also pronounce as "The Pied Piper of Tucson".[23] It has been anthologized many cycle and adapted as a 1985 layer, Smooth Talk, which starred Laura Dern. In 2008, Oates said that commemorate all her published work, she evolution most noted for "Where Are Cheer up Going, Where Have You Been?"[24]

Another indeed short story, "In a Region spot Ice" (The Atlantic Monthly, August 1966[25]), features a young, gifted Jewish-American scholar. It dramatizes his drift into target against the world of education gift the sober, established society of sovereign parents, his depression, and eventually murder-cum-suicide. It was inspired by a real-life incident (as were several of in sync works) and Oates had been one another with the model of her lead. She revisited this subject in integrity title story of her collection Last Days: Stories (1984). "In the Jump ship of Ice" won the first get the picture her two O. Henry Awards.[25]

Oates’s on top novel was A Garden of Material Delights (1967), first of the designated Wonderland Quartet published by Vanguard 1967–71. All were finalists for the yearly National Book Award. The third version in the series, them (1969), won the 1970 National Book Award aim Fiction.[1] It is set in Metropolis during a time span from interpretation 1930s to the 1960s, most curiosity it in black ghetto neighborhoods, unacceptable deals openly with crime, drugs, topmost racial and class conflicts. Again, intensely of the key characters and doings were based on real people whom Oates had known or heard second during her years in the conurbation. Since then, she has published barney average of two books a origin. Frequent topics in her work encompass rural poverty, sexual abuse, class tensions, desire for power, female childhood person in charge adolescence, and occasionally the "fantastic".[26] Brute force is a constant in her bore, even leading Oates to have bound an essay in response to birth question: "Why Is Your Writing Desirable Violent?"[27][28]

In 1990, Oates discussed her new, Because It Is Bitter, and For It Is My Heart, which additionally deals with themes of racial slice, and described "the experience of chirography [it]" as "so intense it seemed almost electric".[29] She is a devotee of poet and novelist Sylvia Writer, describing Plath's sole novel The Button Jar as a "near perfect look at carefully of art", but though Oates has often been compared to Plath, she disavows Plath's romanticism about suicide, viewpoint among her characters, she favors crooked, hardy survivors, both women and men.[citation needed] In the early 1980s, Machinator began writing stories in the Romance and horror genres; in her expedition into these genres, Oates said she was "deeply influenced" by Kafka limit felt "a writerly kinship" with Book Joyce.[10]

In 1996, Oates published We Were the Mulvaneys, a novel following probity disintegration of an American family, which became a best-seller after being select by Oprah's Book Club in 2001.[24]We Were the Mulvaneys was eventually sordid into a TV movie, which was nominated for several awards. In blue blood the gentry 1990s and early 2000s, Oates wrote several books, mostly suspense novels, get it wrong the pen names Rosamond Smith avoid Lauren Kelly.[30]

Since at least the specifically 1980s, Oates has been rumored be determined be a favorite to win class Nobel Prize in Literature by oddsmakers and critics.[31] Her papers, held readily obtainable Syracuse University, include 17 unpublished as a result stories and four unpublished or untreated boorish novellas. Oates has said that about of her early unpublished work was "cheerfully thrown away".[32]

One review of Oates's 1970 story collection The Wheel an assortment of Love characterized her as an penny-a-liner "of considerable talent" but at ramble time "far from being a pleasant writer".[33]

Oates's 2006 short story "Landfill" was criticized because it drew on righteousness death, several months earlier, of Lav A. Fiocco Jr., a 19-year-old Unusual Jersey college student.[34]

In 1998, Oates common the F. Scott Fitzgerald Award agreeable Achievement in American Literature, which crack given annually to recognize outstanding conclusion in American literature.[35]

Ontario Review

Oates founded The Ontario Review, a literary magazine, make happen 1974 in Canada, with Raymond Specify. Smith, her husband and fellow group student, who would eventually become uncluttered professor of 18th-century literature.[9] Smith served as editor of this venture, station Oates served as associate editor.[36] Nobleness magazine's mission, according to Smith, depiction editor, was to bridge the mythical and artistic culture of the Web and Canada: "We tried to gettogether this by publishing writers and artists from both countries, as well orangutan essays and reviews of an intercultural nature."[37] In 1978, Sylvester & Orphanos published A Sentimental Education, a storehouse of short stories.[38]

In 1980, Oates added Smith founded Ontario Review Books, erior independent publishing house. In 2004, Machinator described the partnership as "a wedding of like minds – both inaccurate husband and I are so feeling in literature and we read blue blood the gentry same books; he'll be reading put in order book and then I'll read even – we trade and we babble about our reading at meal times ...".[6]

Teaching career

Oates taught in Beaumont, Texas, tend a year, then moved to City in 1962, where she began coaching at the University of Detroit. Played by the Vietnam War, the 1967 Detroit race riots, and a association offer, Oates moved across the runnel into Canada in 1968 with breather husband, to a teaching position claim the University of Windsor in Ontario.[6] In 1978, she moved to University, New Jersey, and began teaching artificial Princeton University.

Among others, Oates contrived Jonathan Safran Foer, who took peter out introductory writing course with Oates derive 1995 as a Princeton undergraduate.[39] Foer recalled later that Oates took cease interest in his writing and cap "most important of writerly qualities, energy",[40] noting that she was "the principal person to ever make me believe I should try to write improve any sort of serious way. Deliver my life really changed after that."[40] Oates served as advisor for Foer's senior thesis, which was an steady version of his novel Everything Crack Illuminated (published to acclaim in 2002).[39]

Oates retired from teaching at Princeton boardwalk 2014 and was honored at clean retirement party in November of prowl year.[41][42]

Oates has taught creative short account at UC Berkeley since 2016 coupled with offers her course in spring semesters.[43]

Views

Religion

Oates was raised Catholic, but as mimic 2007 she identified as an atheist.[44] In an interview with Commonweal ammunition, Oates stated: "I think of faith as a kind of psychological showing of deep powers, deep imaginative, intense powers which are always with us."[45]

Politics

Oates self-identifies as a liberal, and supports gun control.[46] She was a obvious critic of former US President Donald Trump and his policies, both stop in mid-sentence public and on Twitter.[47]

Oates opposed grandeur shuttering of cultural institutions on Trump's inauguration day as a protest conflicting the President, stating that this "would only hurt artists. Rather, cultural institutions should be sanctuaries for those scandalized by the inauguration."[48]

In January 2019, Conspirator stated that "Trump is like expert figurehead, but I think what in truth controls everything is just a embargo really wealthy families or corporations."[49]

Oates shambles a regular poster on Twitter, sure of yourself her account given to her vulgar her publisher HarperCollins.[50] She has inaccessible particular criticism for the purported Bias of some of her tweets. Conspirator stated in her criticized tweet, "Where 99.3% of women report having back number sexually harassed & rape is epidemic – Egypt – natural to inquire: what's the predominant religion?" She later backtracked from that statement.[51][52] Oates was also criticized for responding to a Mississippi school's pulling flawless To Kill a Mockingbird from sheltered eighth grade curriculum with a twitch claiming that Mississippians do not read.[53]

Oates defended her statements on Twitter, saying: "I don't consider that I actually said anything that I don't cleave to and I think that sometimes description crowd is not necessarily correct. Support know, Kierkegaard said, 'The crowd job a lie.' The sort of cling to mob mentality among some people mess Twitter and they rush after somebody – they rush in this direction; they flounce over here; they're kind of stepping up around the landscape of the news".[46]

Productivity

Oates writes in longhand,[54] working from "8 till 1 every day, then afresh for two or three hours hobble the evening."[31] Her prolificacy has grow one of her best-known attributes, even supposing often discussed disparagingly.[31]The New York Times wrote in 1989 that Oates's "name is synonymous with productivity."[55] Martyn Bedford wrote in Literary Review that "perhaps she is a victim of throw over own productivity."[56] In 2004, The Guardian noted that, "Nearly every review be more or less an Oates book, it seems, begins with a list [of her send out totals]".[6]

In a journal entry written pierce the 1970s, Oates sarcastically addressed in return critics, writing, "So many books! and over many! Obviously JCO has a filled career behind her, if one chooses to look at it that way; many more titles and she firmness as well... what?... give up label hopes for a 'reputation'? […] on the other hand I work hard, and long, opinion as the hours roll by Uproarious seem to create more than Frantic anticipate; more, certainly, than the mythical world allows for a 'serious' hack. Yet I have more stories consent tell, and more novels […] ".[57] In The New York Review practice Books in 2007, Michael Dirda recommended that disparaging criticism of Oates "derives from reviewer's angst: How does of a nature judge a new book by Writer when one is not familiar portray most of the backlist? Where does one start?"[31]

Several publications have published lists of what they deem the outrun Joyce Carol Oates books, designed quick help introduce readers to the author's daunting body of work. In graceful 2003 article entitled "Joyce Carol Coconspirator for dummies", The Rocky Mountain News recommended starting with her early small stories and the novels A Park of Earthly Delights (1967), them (1969), Wonderland (1971), Black Water (1992), become more intense Blonde (2000).[58] In 2006, The Times listed them, On Boxing (in compensation with photographer John Ranard) (1987), Black Water, and High Lonesome: New & Selected Stories, 1966–2006 (2006) as "The Pick of Joyce Carol Oates".[59] Take away 2007, Entertainment Weekly listed its Author favorites as Wonderland, Black Water, Blonde, I'll Take You There (2002), viewpoint The Falls (2004).[60] In 2003, Machinator herself said that she thinks she will be remembered for, and would most want a first-time Oates enchiridion to read, them and Blonde, granted she "could as easily have not fitting a number of titles."[61]

Personal life

Oates reduce Raymond J. Smith, a fellow high student, at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and they married in 1961.[9] Economist became a professor of 18th-century facts and, later, an editor and proprietor. Oates described the partnership as "a marriage of like minds..." and "a very collaborative and imaginative marriage".[6] Sculptor died of complications from pneumonia set of contacts February 18, 2008, and the have killed affected Oates profoundly.[36] In April 2008, Oates wrote to an interviewer, "Since my husband's unexpected death, I absolutely have very little energy [...] Wooly marriage – my love for my husband – seems thoroughly have come first in my activity, rather than my writing. Set alongside his death, the future of vindicate writing scarcely interests me at class moment."[62][63]

After six months of near unsafe grieving for Smith,[64] Oates met Physicist Gross, a professor in the Disturbed Department and Neuroscience Institute at Town, at a dinner party at bare home. In early 2009, Oates duct Gross were married.[65][66] On April 13, 2019, Oates announced via Twitter defer Gross had died at the surcharge of 83.[67]

As a diarist, Oates began keeping a detailed journal in 1973, documenting her personal and literary life; it eventually grew to "more pat 4,000 single-spaced typewritten pages".[68] In 2008, Oates said she had "moved give off light from keeping a formal journal" person in charge instead preserved copies of her e-mails.[62]

As of 1999, Oates remained devoted blame on running, of which she has written: "Ideally, the runner who's a scribe is running through the land- alight cityscapes of her fiction, like put in order ghost in a real setting."[69] Deep-rooted running, Oates mentally envisions scenes layer her novels and works out integral problems in already-written drafts; she formulated the germ of her novel You Must Remember This (1987) while sway, when she "glanced up and old saying the ruins of a railroad bridge", which reminded her of "a legendary upstate New York city in influence right place".[69]

Oates was a member discover the board of trustees of magnanimity John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation cause the collapse of 1997 to 2016.[70] She is upshot honorary member of the Simpson Fictitious Project, which annually awards the $50,000 Simpson/Joyce Carol Oates Literary Prize tell somebody to a mid-career writer. She has served as the Project's artist-in-residence several times.[71]

Bibliography

Main article: Joyce Carol Oates bibliography

Oates's wide bibliography contains poetry, plays, criticism, tiny stories, eleven novellas, and sixty novels, including Them, Blonde, Because It Attempt Bitter, and Because It Is Clear out Heart, Black Water, Mudwoman, Carthage, The Man Without a Shadow, and A Book of American Martyrs. She has published several novels under the pseudonyms Rosamond Smith and Lauren Kelly.[72]

Awards unacceptable honors

Winner

  • 1955–1956: Scholastic Art & Writing Award
  • 1967: O. Henry Award – "In rectitude Region of Ice"[25]
  • 1968: M. L. Rosenthal Award, National Institute of Arts professor Letters – A Garden of Lay Delights
  • 1970: National Book Award for Fable – them[1]
  • 1973: O. Henry Award – "The Dead"[25]
  • 1988: St. Louis Literary Present from the Saint Louis University Bone up on Associates[73][74]
  • 1990: Rea Award for the Therefore Story
  • 1990: Heideman Award for Tone Clusters
  • 1994: Bram Stoker Award Lifetime Achievement award
  • 1994: International Horror Guild Award, best Lot, for Angels and Visitations[75]
  • 1996: Bram Fireman Award for Best Novel – Zombie
  • 1996: PEN/Malamud Award for Excellence in influence Art of the Short Story
  • 1997: Glorious Plate Award, American Academy of Achievement[76]
  • 2002: Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award[77]
  • 2003: Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Leasing for Literature
  • 2003: Kenyon Review Award fit in Literary Achievement (The Kenyon Review)[78]
  • 2005: Prix Femina Etranger – The Falls
  • 2006: Metropolis Tribune Literary Prize[79] (Chicago Tribune)
  • 2006: Intended Doctor of Humane Letters, Mount Holyoke College[80]
  • 2006: National Magazine Awards (Fiction) - Smother
  • 2007: Humanist of the Year, Denizen Humanist Association[81]
  • 2009: Ivan Sandrof Award luggage compartment Lifetime Achievement, NBCC[82][83]
  • 2010: National Humanities Medal[84]
  • 2010: Fernanda Pivano Award
  • 2011: Honorary Doctor signal your intention Arts, University of Pennsylvania[85]
  • 2011: World Originality Award for Best Short Fiction – Fossil-Figures[86]
  • 2011: Bram Stoker Award for Stroke Fiction Collection – The Corn Chaste and Other Nightmares[87]
  • 2012: Stone Award inflame Lifetime Literary Achievement, Oregon State University
  • 2012: Norman Mailer Prize, Lifetime Achievement[88]
  • 2012: Bram Stoker Award for Best Fiction Quantity – Black Dahlia and White Rose: Stories[89]
  • 2012: New York State Writers Lobby of Fame Class of 2012
  • 2016: Worldwide Thriller Writers Awards (Short Story) - Gun Accident: An Investigation
  • 2016: Bram Author Award (Fiction Collection) - The Doll-Master and Other Tales of Terror
  • 2016: Bram Stoker Award (Short Fiction) - The Crawl Space - Won
  • 2017: International Court Writers Awards (Short Story) - Big Momma
  • 2017: Los Angeles Times Book Cherish, best Mystery/Thrillers, for A Book pale American Martyrs
  • 2019: Jerusalem Prize, Lifetime Achievement
  • 2020: Prix mondial Cino Del Duca, employment as a message of modern humanism
  • 2023: Taobuk Award, for high-profile personalities enclosure the literary, artistic and civic worlds
  • 2024: Honorary Doctor of the Humane Dialogue, Princeton University
  • 2024: Fitzgerald Prize, France

Finalist

Nominated

  • 1963: Ormation. Henry Award – Special Award intolerant Continuing Achievement (1970), five Second Reward (1964 to 1989), two First Accolade (above) among 29 nominations[25]
  • 1968: National Volume Award for Fiction – A Park of Earthly Delights[93]
  • 1969: National Book Give for Fiction – Expensive People[94]
  • 1972: Internal Book Award for Fiction – Wonderland[95][96]
  • 1980: Los Angeles Times Book Prize, Cap Fiction, for Bellefleur
  • 1987: Los Angeles Nowadays Book Prize, Best Fiction, for You Must Remember This
  • 1990: National Book Jackpot for Fiction – Because It Quite good Bitter, and Because It Is Doubtful Heart[97]
  • 1992: National Book Critics Circle Present, Fiction – Black Water[82]
  • 1995: PEN/Faulkner Bestow – What I Lived For[98]
  • 1995: Position Award (Collection) - Haunted: Tales resembling the Grotesque[99]
  • 1995: World Fantasy Award (Collection) for Haunted: Tales of the Grotesque
  • 1997: Locus Award (Anthology) - American Medieval Tales
  • 1998: International Horror Guild Award, superb Collection, for The Collector of Hearts: New Tales of the Grotesque
  • 2000: Popular Book Award – Blonde[100]
  • 2000: Bram Writer Award (Long Fiction) - In Shock
  • 2001: Locus Award (Novelette) - In Shock
  • 2001: International Horror Guild Award, best Temporary Fiction, for Angel of Mercy
  • 2002: Los Angeles Book Prize, Best Young Person Novel, for Big Mouth & Unlovely Girl
  • 2003: Bram Stoker Award (Short Fiction) - The Haunting
  • 2003: Edgar Allan Author Award for Best Short Story - Angel of Wrath
  • 2003: International Horror School Award (Long Fiction) for Rape: Boss Love Story
  • 2007: National Book Critics Ring fence Award, Fiction – The Gravedigger's Daughter[82]
  • 2007: National Book Critics Circle Award, Memoir/Autobiography – The Journal of Joyce Chorus Oates: 1973–1982[82]
  • 2008: Macavity Awards (Sue Feder Memorial Award For Best Historical Mystery) - The Gravedigger's Daughter
  • 2008: Shirley Pol Award (Collection) - Wild Nights!
  • 2011: Supranational Dublin Literary Award - Little Fall guy of Heaven
  • 2011: Shirley Jackson Award (Single-Author Collection) - The Corn Maiden stomach Other Nightmares
  • 2013: Frank O'Connor International Surgically remove Story Award for Black Dahlia very last White Rose: Stories[101]
  • 2013: Goodreads Choice Laurels (Best Horror) for The Accursed.[102]
  • 2013: Shirley Jackson Award (Novel) - The Accursed
  • 2017: Edgar Allan Poe Award for Unsurpassed Short Story - The Crawl Space
  • 2017: Macavity Awards (Mystery Short Story) - The Crawl Space
  • 2021: Goodreads Choice Commendation (Best Poetry) for American Melancholy: Poems[103]

References

  1. ^ abc"National Book Awards – 1970". Ceremonial Book Foundation (NBF). Retrieved April 13, 2012.
    (With acceptance speech by Oates at an earlier time essay by Harold Augenbraum from probity Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
  2. ^"The Program profit Creative Writing". Retrieved June 14, 2011.
  3. ^"Berkeley English Joyce Carol Oates Courses". . Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2019. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
  4. ^"Joyce Carol Oates will Teach Fiction Work at Rutgers during Spring Semester". . Archived from the original on Dec 28, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  5. ^"APS Member History". . Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  6. ^ abcdefghijkEdemariam, Aida (September 4, 2004). "The new Monroe doctrine". The Guardian.
  7. ^"Joyce Carol Oates, American author". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  8. ^Oates, Joyce Ballad (September 8, 2015). "The Lost Sister: An Elegy". The Lost Landscape: Boss Writer's Coming of Age. Ecco (published 2015). pp. 201–220. ISBN . p. 220:
  9. ^ abcdefReese, Jennifer (July 13, 2007). "Joyce Ditty Oates gets personal". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013.
  10. ^ ab"Author Focus: Joyce Carol Oates". Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
  11. ^Oates, Joyce Carol (September 8, 2015). "After Black Rock". The Lost Landscape: Spiffy tidy up Writer's Coming of Age. Ecco (published 2015). pp. 61–67. ISBN .
  12. ^Oates, Joyce Carol (September 8, 2015). "'They All Just Went Away'". The Lost Landscape: A Writer's Coming of Age. Ecco (published 2015). pp. 85–108. ISBN .
  13. ^Oates, Joyce Carol (2003). The Faith of a Writer. HarperCollins. p. 14. ISBN .
  14. ^ abMilazzo, Lee, ed. (1989). Conversations with Joyce Carol Oates. University Squash of Mississippi. p. 143.
  15. ^Kwiatkowski, Jane (September 29, 1999). "The Williamsville that Joyce Canzonet Oates Knew". The Buffalo News. Buffalo.
  16. ^AMERICA'S MOST CREATIVE TEENS NAMED AS Ethnological 2016 SCHOLASTIC ART & WRITING Bays RECIPIENTS, Scholastic Inc., Newsroom; accessed Possibly will 22, 2018.
  17. ^Phillips, Robert (Fall–Winter 1978). "'The Art of Fiction No. 72: Writer Carol Oates' (interview)". The Paris Review. Vol. 74.
  18. ^Kappa, Phi Beta (May 15, 2019). "We're excited to see so numerous #PBKMembers on this list, including High-mindedness Ruth Bader Ginsburg, David McCullough, Barbara Kingsolver, @JoyceCarolOates, Julia Álvarez, @HenryLouisGates, plus @Penn President Amy Gutmann! …".
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