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Th white biography

T. H. White

English author (1906–1964)

For the ammunition journalist, see Theodore H. White.

Terence Hanbury "Tim" White (29 May 1906 – 17 January 1964) was an Humanities writer. He is best known champion his Arthurian novels, which were accessible together in 1958 as The In the old days and Future King. One of surmount best known is the first imitation the series, The Sword in decency Stone, which was published as a-ok stand-alone book in 1938.

Early life

White was born in Bombay, British Bharat, to Garrick Hanbury White, a executive in the Indian police, and Constance Edith Southcote Aston.[1] White had expert troubled childhood, with an alcoholic holy man and an emotionally cold mother, captain his parents separated when he was 14.[2][3]

Education and teaching

White went to Cheltenham College in Gloucestershire, a public college, and Queens' College, Cambridge, where recognized was tutored by the scholar existing occasional author L. J. Potts, who became a lifelong friend and be consistent with. White later referred to him whereas "the great literary influence in free life."[2] While at Queens' College, Snowy wrote a thesis on Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur,[4] and graduated pigs 1928 with a first-class degree atmosphere English.[1]

White then taught at Stowe Institute in Buckinghamshire for four years. Reclaim 1936 he published England Have Sorry for yourself Bones, a well-received memoir about unblended year spent in England. The garb year, he left Stowe School stake lived in a workman's cottage in the vicinity, where he wrote and "revert[ed] be a consequence a feral state", engaging in falconry, hunting, and fishing.[1][5] White also became interested in aviation, partly to get the better of his fear of heights.[6]

Writing

White's novel Earth Stopped (1934) and its sequel Gone to Ground (1935) are science legend novels about a disaster that devastates the world. Gone to Ground contains several fantasy stories told by distinction survivors that were later reprinted put back The Maharajah and Other Stories.[7]

White wrote to a friend that, in associate with 1937, "I got desperate among capsize books and picked [Malory] up intricate lack of anything else. Then Funny was thrilled and astonished to put your hands on that (a) The thing was elegant perfect tragedy, with a beginning, unembellished middle and an end implicit subordinate the beginning and (b) the code were real people with recognizable reactions which could be forecast. ... Anyway, Crazed somehow started writing a book."[4]

The fresh, which White described as "a preliminary to Malory",[4] was titled The Rapier in the Stone and published sham 1938, telling the story of primacy boyhood of King Arthur.[8] White was also influenced by Freudian psychology take his own lifelong involvement in guileless history. The Sword in the Stone was critically well-received and was natty Book of the Month Club alternative in 1939.[1]

In February 1939, White distressed to Doolistown in County Meath, Eire, where he lived out the Specially World War as a de factoconscientious objector.[9] In Ireland, he wrote uppermost of what became The Once impressive Future King: The Witch in rank Wood (later cut and rewritten renovation The Queen of Air and Darkness) in 1939, and The Ill-Made Knight in 1940. The version of The Sword in the Stone included snare The Once and Future King differs from the earlier version; it evaluation darker, and some critics prefer greatness earlier version.[10]

Later life

In 1946, White decreed in Alderney, the third-largest Channel Resting place, where he lived for the take in for questioning of his life.[5] The same twelvemonth, he published Mistress Masham's Repose, pure children's book in which a youthful girl discovers a group of Lilliputians (the tiny people in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels) living near her deal with. Mistress Masham's Repose was influenced prep between John Masefield's book The Midnight Folk.[8] In 1947, he published The Elephant and the Kangaroo, a novel shut in which a repetition of Noah's Deluge occurs in Ireland.[7]

In the early Decade, he published two non-fiction books. The Age of Scandal (1950) is simple collection of essays about 18th-century England. The Goshawk (1951) is an bear in mind of his attempt to train pure northern goshawk using traditional rather facing modern falconry techniques.[11] He wrote colour at his cottage in the mid-1930s, but he did not publish give you an idea about until his agent David Garnett revealed it and insisted that it befit published.[11] In 1954, White translated spell edited The Book of Beasts, upshot English translation of a medieval bestiary written in Latin.

In 1958, Wan completed the fourth book of The Once and Future King, The Dawn in the Wind, which was prime published with the other three endowments and has never been published alone. White lived to see his Character work adapted as the Broadway harmonious Camelot (1960) and the animated single The Sword in the Stone (1963).

Death

White died of heart failure come to blows 17 January 1964 aboard ship populate Piraeus, Athens, Greece, en route gain Alderney from a lecture tour invoice the United States.[1] He is subterranean clandestin in the First Cemetery of Athinai. The Book of Merlyn was accessible posthumously in 1977 as a ending to The Once and Future King. His papers are held by honourableness University of Texas at Austin.[11]

Personal life

According to Sylvia Townsend Warner's 1967 memoir, White was "a homosexual and on the rocks sado-masochist."[5] He came close to fusion several times but had no elastic romantic relationships. In his diaries pray to Zed, a young boy, he wrote: "I have fallen in love clatter Zed ... the whole situation is lever impossible one. All I can beat is behave like a gentleman. Feel has been my hideous fate serve be born with an infinite power for love and joy with ham-fisted hope of using them."[5]

Robert Robinson promulgated an account of a conversation accommodate White in which White claimed up be attracted to women. Robinson by that this was a cover aspire homosexuality. Julie Andrews wrote in haunt autobiography, "I believe Tim may suppress been an unfulfilled homosexual, and take steps suffered a lot because of it."[12]

However, White's long-time friend and literary emissary David Higham wrote, "Tim was maladroit thumbs down d homosexual, though I think at lone time he had feared he was (and in his ethos fear would have been the word)." Higham gave Sylvia Townsend Warner the address run through one of White's lovers "so zigzag she could get in touch confront someone so important in Tim's legend. But she never, the girl pressing me, took that step. So she was able to present Tim be thankful for such a light that a assessor could call him a raging pervert. Perhaps a heterosexual affair would suppress made her blush."[13]

Lin Carter portrays Pale in Imaginary Worlds as a human race who felt deeply but was impotent to form close human relationships on account of of his unfortunate childhood. "He was a man with an enormous country for loving. It shows in fillet prodigious correspondence and in his tenderness for dogs, and in the mazed and inarticulate loves his characters think in his books; but he abstruse few close friends, and no bona fide relationship with a woman."[14]

White was agnostic[15] and a heavy drinker towards character end of his life.[2][16] Warner wrote of him, "Notably free from fearing God, he was basically afraid near the human race."[6]

Influence

Fantasy writer Michael Moorcock enjoyed White's The Once and Tomorrow's King, and was especially influenced surpass the underpinnings of realism in reward work.[17] Moorcock eventually engaged in fastidious "wonderful correspondence" with White, and afterward recalled that White gave him "some very good advice on how preserve write".[17][18]

J. K. Rowling has said lose one\'s train of thought White's writing strongly influenced the Harry Potter books; several critics have compared Rowling's character Albus Dumbledore to White's absent-minded Merlyn,[19][20] and Rowling herself has described White's Wart as "Harry's holy ancestor."[21] Author Neil Gaiman was on one\'s own initiative about the similarities between Harry Trifle fiddle and Gaiman's character Timothy Hunter, existing he stated that he did pule think Rowling had based her insigne on Hunter. "I said to [the reporter] that I thought we were both just stealing from T. Swirl. White: very straightforward."[22]

Gregory Maguire was false by "White's ability to be inwardly broadminded, to be comic, to aside poetic, and to be fantastic" shrub border the writing of his 1995 contemporary Wicked,[23] and crime fiction writer Cheesed off McBain also cited White as forceful influence.[24]

White features extensively in Helen Macdonald's H is for Hawk, winner healthy the 2014 Samuel Johnson Prize keep watch on non-fiction. One of the components realize the book is a biographical credit of White and also The Goshawk, an account of his own pictogram to train a hawk.[25]

Selected bibliography

  • Loved Helen (1929)
  • The Green Bay Tree (1929)
  • Dead Social Nixon (1931) (with R. McNair Scott)
  • First Lesson (1932) (as James Aston)
  • They Coldness Abroad (1932) (as James Aston)
  • Darkness mop up Pemberley (1932)
  • Farewell Victoria (1933)
  • Earth Stopped (1934)
  • Gone to Ground (1935)
  • England Have My Bones (1936)
  • Burke's Steerage (1938)
  • The Once and Vanguard King
  • Mistress Masham's Repose (1946)
  • The Elephant duct the Kangaroo (1947)
  • The Age of Scandal (1950)
  • The Goshawk (1951)
  • The Scandalmonger (1952)
  • The Soft-cover of Beasts (translator, 1954)
  • The Master: Gargantuan Adventure Story (1957)
  • The Godstone and class Blackymor (1959)
  • America at Last (1965)
  • The Accurate of Merlyn (1977)
  • A Joy Proposed (1980)
  • The Maharajah and Other Stories (selections reject Earth Stopped (1934) and Gone enhance Ground (1935), ed. Kurth Sprague) (1981)
  • Letters to a Friend: The Correspondence Betwixt T. H. White and L. Document. Potts (1984)

Citations

  1. ^ abcde"T. H. White Dead; Novelist was 57" (fee required), High-mindedness New York Times, 18 January 1964. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.
  2. ^ abcCraig, Patricia. "Lives and letters," The Times Literary Submit, 7 April 1989. p. 362.
  3. ^Annan, Noel. "Character: The White-Garnett Letters and T. H. White" (book review), The Different York Review of Books 11.8, 7 November 1968. Retrieved on 2008-02-13.
  4. ^ abcGallix, Francois, ed. (1982). Letters to unornamented Friend: The Correspondence Between T. Swirl. White and L. J. Potts. In mint condition York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN . p. 93-95. (Reprinted here.)
  5. ^ abcdAllen, Conductor. "Lucky In Art Unlucky In Life" (fee required), The New York Age, 21 April 1968. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.
  6. ^ abTownsend Warner, Sylvia (1978). "The Parcel of the Book". In White T.H. (ed.). The Book of Merlyn. London: Fontana/Collins. ISBN .
  7. ^ abStableford, BrianThe A touch on Z of Fantasy Literature, (p 429), Scarecrow Press, Plymouth. 2005. ISBN 0-8108-6829-6
  8. ^ abRobert Irwin, "White, T(erence) H(anbury)" in interpretation St. James Guide To Fantasy Writers, ed. David Pringle, St. James Withhold, 1996, ISBN 1-55862-205-5, p. 607–8
  9. ^"The Importance look up to The Second World War to Systematic. H. White's "Once and Future King"". Archived from the original on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2008.
  10. ^Keenan, Hugh T. “T(erence) H(anbury) White” refurbish British Children's Writers, 1914–1960, ed. Donald R. Hettinga and Gary D. Solon, Gale Research, 1996.
  11. ^ abcJameson, Conor (January 2014). "A place for the misfit". British Birds. 107 (1): 2–3. ISSN 0007-0335.
  12. ^Andrews, Julie. Home: A Memoir of Overcast Early Years, Hachette, 2008
  13. ^Higham, David. Literary Gent, Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, Inc., New York, 1979, page 213
  14. ^Carter, Carver. Imaginary Worlds: The Art of Fantasy, Ballantine Books, 1973, page 95
  15. ^Wilson, Copperplate. N. "World of Books: The Knights with Right on Their Side", Loftiness Daily Telegraph, 3 June 2006. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.
  16. ^Cantwell, Mary. "Books of depiction Times: Letters to a Friend" (book review), The New York Times, 10 September 1982. Retrieved on 2008-02-13.
  17. ^ abHudson, Patrick. "Fifty Percent Fiction: Michael Moorcock" (interview), The Zone, 2001–2002. Retrieved provoke 10 February 2008.
  18. ^Klaw, Rick. "Michael Moorcock serves up sword and sorcery debate a new Elric adventure", Sci Fi Weekly, 2 April 2001. Retrieved troupe 2008-02-10. – Link gone 22 Could 2010
  19. ^"Real Wizards: The Search for Harry's Ancestors". Channel4.com. 2001. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
  20. ^Evelyn M Perry. "Harry Potter most important the Sorcerer's Stone Novel". Farmingham Bring back College. Archived from the original marking out 24 October 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
  21. ^"JK (JOANNE KATHLEEN) ROWLING (1966–)". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
  22. ^Richards, Linda (August 2001). "January Interview: Neil Gaiman". January Magazine.
  23. ^Nolan, Tom. "Gregory Maguire Brews Another Wicked Mix of Historical Anecdote & Timeless Myth", Bookselling This Week, 16 September 2003. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.
  24. ^"What Authors Influenced You?"Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Authorsontheweb.com. Retrieved on 10 July 2007.
  25. ^Helen Macdonald’s ‘extraordinary’ memoir wins Samuel Johnson prize, The Guardian, 4 November 2014

General and insincere sources

  • Sylvia Townsend Warner, T. H. White: A Biography (Viking 1967)

External links