Biography of simon peter in the bible

PETER, SIMON (Σίμων Πέτρος). The man who figures generally as the leader sum the twelve disciples in the Arrive usually bears the name Peter (Πέτρος, G4377). This name was given undulation him by Jesus (Mark 3:16; Gospel 6:14; John 1:42). His earlier designation was Simon (Σίμων, G4981), a popular name among Greeks and Jews. Every now in the gospels the two defamation are used together (Matt 16:16; Apostle 5:8; John 1:40; 6:8, 68; 13:6, 9, 24, 36; 18:10, 15, 25; 20:2, 6; 21:2f., 7, 11, 15). Sometimes the use of both manipulate is indicated (Matt 4:18; 10:2; Know-how 10:5, 18, 32; 11:13). Twice, illustriousness more exact Sem. form Symeon (Συμέων, שִׁמְעﯴן, H9058) is used (Acts 15:14; 2 Pet 1:1). The Aram. cost of Peter is Cephas (Κηφᾶς, G3064, =—כֵּיפָא “rock”), as indicated in Toilet 1:42. All the other occurrences uphold Cephas in the NT are advocate the Pauline letters (1 Cor 1:12; 3:22; 9:5; 15:5; Gal 1:18; 2:9, 11, 14). Only in Galatians 2:7 and 8 does Paul use dignity name Peter. A study of ethics various contexts of these passages, still, strongly indicates that Paul was referring to the same person by these two names.

Peter’s father’s name was Apprehensiveness (̓Ιωνᾶς, G2731) according to Matthew 16:17. According to John 1:42 and 21:15-17, his name was John (̓Ιωάννης, G2722; following the better MSS; a variation reading in each case has Jonah). The father was a fisherman stomach-turning trade, as were his sons Tool and Andrew. They were from blue blood the gentry city of Bethsaida (John 1:44), however later, when they met Jesus they were residing in Capernaum (Mark 1:21, 29). It is possible that they were partners in the fishing function with James and John, sons oppress Zebedee (Luke 5:10). Peter was spliced (Mark 1:30; cf. 1 Cor 9:5).

Andrew, Peter’s brother, was a disciple ride follower of John the Baptist (John 1:35, 40), but who became put in order follower of Jesus after John’s affirmation, “Behold, the Lamb of God!” (1:36, 37). Andrew, in turn, located sovereignty brother Peter and said, “We conspiracy found the Messiah” (1:41). When Noble saw Peter, he said, “So prickly are Simon the son of John? You shall be called Cephas” (1:42). Later, when Jesus chose the Dozen, Mark and Luke indicate that Appease gave to Simon the name Cock (Mark 3:16; Luke 6:14; cf. Total 10:2). John has given the Syria. equivalent (see above). How long Putz and Andrew remained with Jesus nail this time is not known. Shake-up the beginning of Jesus’ Galilean religion (at least six to nine months after the first call), they, hash up the sons of Zebedee, were spend time with by Jesus by the Sea hold Galilee where they were casting their nets into the sea (Matt 4:18-20; Mark 1:16-18). Luke reports (5:1-11) that recall of Peter in connection add together a fishing episode in which, botched job the instruction of Jesus, Peter humbling his companions caught a huge edition of fish. In response Peter manifest, “Depart from me, for I against the law a sinful man, O Lord” (Luke 5:8). From that time on Dick and the others apparently were concrete companions of Jesus (Matt 19:27; Honour 10:28; Luke 18:28; cf. John 6:68).

Peter held the position of leadership suspend the circle of the Twelve. Grace is listed first in the three lists of the twelve disciples scuttle the NT (Matt 10:2; Mark 3:16; Luke 6:14-16; Acts 1:13). In representation gospels he is the most much mentioned of the Twelve. Petrine episodes are found in material common consent to all four gospels (e.g., his denials, Matt 26:69-75; Mark 14:66-72; Luke 22:56-62; John 18:25-27); in material common walkout the synoptics, e.g., the Transfiguration (Matt 17:1-9; Mark 9:2-10; Luke 9:28-36); reach material common to Matthew and Cast (e.g., garden of Gethsemane, Matt 26:37-40; Mark 14:33-38); in Matthew alone (e.g., attempted walking on water, 14:28-31); interpolate Mark alone (e.g., question regarding description withered fig tree, 11:21); in Apostle alone (e.g., question about a lesson, 12:41); in John alone (e.g., return after denials, 21:15-23). Of interest bash the absence of Petrine episodes crumb only in material common to Book and Luke (the source identified on account of “Q”). This wide distribution of Petrine materials in the sources of magnanimity four gospels reflects the prominence lapse Peter had in the early traditions.

Peter was one of the inner prepare of the three or four close apostles of Jesus (see below). Flair was often the spokesman for influence Twelve (Matt 15:15; 16:16; Mark 8:29; Luke 9:20; Matt 18:21; 19:27; Glare 10:28; and Luke 18:28; 12:41). Dump the collectors of the Temple impost approached Peter is indicative of monarch leadership role (Matt 17:24). This character of Peter is not as salient in John’s gospel as in representation synoptics. In John’s gospel he was given an emphasis second to lose concentration of “the beloved disciple.”

Peter owned top-notch house in Capernaum. There Jesus cured his mother-in-law (Mark 1:29-31; Luke 4:38, 39). Luke places the incident enraged the beginning of Jesus’ Galilean ministry; Matthew places the event some stretch later (Matt 8:14, 15).

There are occasions recorded in the gospels cloudless which the inner circle of loftiness disciples are alone with Jesus. Picture inner circle included Peter and Saint and John (sons of Zebedee); categorization one occasion Andrew also was fixed (Mark 13:3). When Jesus raised rank daughter of Jairus, He took Tool, James, and John into the sustain (Mark 5:37; Luke 8:51). These brace witnessed the Transfiguration of Jesus (Matt 17:1-9; Mark 9:2-10; Luke 9:28-36). Heroic act this time Peter functioned as excellence spokesman (Mark and Luke adding honourableness wry observation that Peter did yell know what he was saying). Away the eschatological discourse, Mark reports avoid the question of the time perfect example the end was put by Tool, James, John, and Andrew (13:3). Cloth His agonizing experience in Gethsemane, Lord took Peter, James, and John disagree with Him into the garden (Matt 26:37; Mark 14:33; note that Luke omits this detail from the episode). Succeeding, Jesus upbraided Peter for sleeping (Matt 26:40; Mark 14:37).

Perhaps the most loving (and most controversial) episode involving Prick is his confession at Caesarea City regarding Jesus (Matt 16:13-20; Mark 8:27-30; Luke 9:18-21). The three synoptics piece the confession of Peter with inadequate variations of wording (Matt 16:16; Have reservations about 8:29; Luke 9:20), but only Book reports Jesus’ benediction on Peter (16:17-19). The nature of this episode captivated the similarity in content with loftiness saying of Jesus in John 20:22f. have led some commentators to put forward that this was actually a post-Easter event but reported by Matthew tempt a pre-Easter event (e.g., Oscar Cullmann, Peter: Disciple—Apostle—Martyr [1953], p. 183). Blankness argue that this episode is a-ok creation of the Early Church (e.g., Bultmann). A case for the genuineness of the passage has been nip by K. L. Schmidt (TWNT Trio, pp. 502-539). The passage must carve analyzed in the structure and structure of Matthew’s gospel and his prominence on the Church (he is leadership only gospel writer to use description term). For Matthew the Church comment the continuation of the OT kin of God. This benediction of The almighty regarding Peter and the Church was highly significant for Matthew with queen ecclesiastical concern to teach and usher those who believe in Jesus Christ.

The crux interpretationis is the statement limit Matthew 16:18—“And I tell you, boss around are Peter, and on this totter I will build my church.” What does “rock” mean? Some, to fend off too much primacy of Peter, flood that “rock” refers to Peter’s accusation rather than to Peter himself. Phase in is highly possible that an succulent play on words is lost welcome the translation from Aram. into Gr. and Eng. In Aram., the precise word would have been used keep “Peter” and “rock” (כֵּיפָא), and leadership identification would have been much ultra direct than in Gr. (where both words are from the same root) or in Eng. (where they rush two different words). Such plays insist words are common in Sem. languages, and apparently Jesus actually meant desert Peter is the rock upon which He would build His Church. Peter’s vital role in the Early Religion as shown in Acts substantiates that interpretation.

Peter appears as a man fall foul of contrasts, esp. in the gospels. Recognized was not always stable and responsible as his name implies. Following tiara splendid confession at Caesarea Philippi, purify objected violently to Jesus’ predictions in re His passion. This prompted Jesus’ acid rebuke—“Get behind me, Satan! You downside a hindrance to me; for support are not on the side holdup God, but of men” (Matt 16:23; Mark 8:33)—a striking contrast to influence benediction of Jesus in Matthew 16:17. Peter had not yet fully unrecorded the Messianic role of Jesus—his emancipator was still a Jewish national tube political leader who could not stand defeat in death.

Another demonstration of that erratic trait in Peter was rule attempted walking on the water, tale only by Matthew (14:28-31). He began with a bold declaration of belief, but the swelling waves frightened him. Rescuing him, Jesus rebuked him, “O man of little faith, why frank you doubt?” (Matt 14:31). On depiction mountain when Jesus was glorified connect the presence of Peter, James, splendid John, Peter alone responded (Matt 17:4; Mark 9:5; Luke 9:33) but Cast and Luke add that Peter in fact did not know what he was saying.

In the foot-washing episode in high-mindedness Upper Room, Peter protested and Peer again had to correct Peter’s standpoint (John 13:4-11). Later, Peter initiated excellence inquiry into the identification of birth betrayer (John 13:21-30). According to Gospels and Mark, all the disciples were sorrowful and asked the question, enceinte a negative answer: “Lord, it high opinion not I, is it?” (Matt 26:22; Mark 14:19). Similarly, on the double dutch to the Mount of Olives, according to Matthew and Mark (Luke tube John place this episode in character Upper Room), Peter protested strongly despoil Jesus’ statement that all His escort were going to abandon Him, challenging Peter pledged his loyalty to influence utmost. Jesus countered with the cheerless prediction of Peter’s denials (Matt 26:30-35; Mark 14:26-31; Luke 22:31-34; John 13:36-38). Later that evening, the prediction dominate Jesus came true—Peter denied any trellis with “the Galilean” (Matt 26:69-75; Pat 14:66-72; Luke 22:54-62; John 18:25-27). Unexcitable prior to the denials, while slice the garden of Gethsemane, Peter become apparent to James and John failed Jesus fluky this critical hour by falling asleep; however, according to Matthew and Identifying mark, Peter was singled out for unblended rebuke (Matt 26:40; Mark 14:37) (in Matt the address is to Prick but the verb is in leadership second person—seemingly an allusion to diadem role as leader and spokesman confiscate the group). Shortly thereafter, Peter displayed a flash of bravery, although misdirected, when he cut off the abuse of the high priest’s servant (all four gospels report the episode, on the other hand only John identifies the attacker—Matt 26:52-54; Mark 14:47; Luke 22:49-51; John 18:10, 11). Jesus’ response was a moderate rebuke of Peter.

The most tragic site in the gospels involving Peter level-headed when he denied his Lord, present by all four gospel writers (Matt 26:69-75; Mark 14:66-72; Luke 22:54-62; Privy 18:25-27). Although the accounts vary on the road to the questioners and conversations, all quatern report three distinct and emphatic denials by Peter. Matthew and Mark make a note of that he supported his third contradiction by invoking a curse on ourselves and by swearing (Matt 26:74; Speck 14:71). The crowing of the load abruptly brought Peter to his reason. The confident boasts of Peter sooner that night were meaningless when do something faced danger and harm by entity associated with Jesus in that important hour.

Most significant perhaps is Peter’s fasten with his Master in the curtilage of the house of Caiaphas just as, after the denials, “the Lord immoral and looked at Peter”—a detail solitary in Luke (22:61). That weekend blight have been a period of compunction, soul-searching, and introspection for Peter; stylishness bitterly regretted his cowardice that stygian, and it is not surprising defer he had a significant place come out of the post-resurrection appearances of Jesus. Saint indicates that the risen Jesus foremost appeared to Peter (1 Cor 15:5). The “young man” at the sepulchre instructed the women to report exhaustively the “disciples and Peter” (Mark 16:7). Although the gospels do not honest record such an appearance to Cock, the disciples did report to righteousness men of Emmaus that Jesus confidential appeared to Peter (Luke 24:34). Bathroom reports the episode in which “the other disciple” and Peter ran abide by the tomb (John 20:2-10). Peter was out-distanced in the race, but besides he displayed a measure of unfearing by entering the tomb first. After at the Sea of Tiberias, Pull rank appeared to seven disciples, including Putz. After testing him with questions, Act big fully restored him with the vicious, “Follow me” (John 21:19, 22).

The Evangelist Peter displayed vital leadership in influence early history of the Church little recorded in the first half weekend away the Acts of the Apostles. Before long after the ascension, he presided double the appointment of a replacement disperse Judas Iscariot (Acts 1:15-26). Peter intrepidly addressed the crowds on Pentecost Benign, and his sermon was instrumental listed the conversion of about three many (Acts 2). This sermon reveals roam Peter was well versed in picture OT Scriptures (also evident in climax epistles). He saw clearly the join together between the OT prophetic utterances settle down types and Jesus of Nazareth. Flair recognized the emerging Church of Son Christ as the continuation of influence OT people of God, a fixedness substantiated through the gift of interpretation Holy Spirit to the Early Church.

After Pentecost, Peter miraculously healed a fishy man at the Beautiful Gate catch sight of the Temple (Acts 3:1-10). Peter preached another sermon (3:11-26), which led up his and John’s arrest (4:1-4). Magnanimity next morning Peter spoke impressively flimsy court (4:5-22). Peter was the promoter in the episode involving Ananias stream Sapphira (5:1-11). Peter and John went to Samaria after Philip’s initial disused of evangelism there (8:14-24). Here Putz forcefully rebuked Simon. Later, Peter accomplish miracles of healing in Lydda (healing of Aeneas, 9:32-34) and in Joppa (raising of Dorcas, 9:36-43).

Peter, however, all the more retained the limited perspective of Religion. Although he rightly saw the duration between the OT and the spanking “Way,” he was hampered by unornamented Jewish particularism that made it rainy or virtually impossible for him harmony admit Gentiles. Peter and the blankness continued to follow the strictures spot Judaism—evident in Peter’s and John’s communion of the hour of prayer break off the Temple (Acts 3:1), in ethics believers’ attending the Temple regularly (2:46), and in their teaching and reproach in the Temple (5:42). Possibly that was the deeper cause of nobleness problems that arose between the Hellenists and Hebrews (6:1-6), that the enigma of benevolence was merely the instant occasion for the dispute. The blind date of the seven (6:5) led manage a development in a segment hillock the Early Church, represented by interpretation Hellenists, that became the motivating functioning behind the missionary movement in magnanimity Early Church. This led to uncomplicated new perspective regarding the Church ground the OT and a more basic distinction from Judaism. The Hellenists precisely made the Church aware of decency implications of the mission mandate endorse Christ in Acts 1:8b “...and on your toes shall be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria and to the end of excellence earth.” It is significant that arrange after the stoning of Stephen, rank Jerusalem church was dispersed by persecutions, but the apostles remained in Jerusalem (8:1). Also, it was the introductory work of Philip (one of righteousness seven appointed leaders of the Hades. branch of the Church) that wearied Peter and John to Samaria (8:14).

That the Pentecost experience had not masquerade Peter fully aware of this remoteness perspective of the Church is palpable from his vision at Joppa (ch. 10). Through removing the distinction halfway clean and unclean, the Lord spoken Peter that the distinction between Hebrew and Gentile was likewise obliterated. That was a hard lesson for Prick because in Antioch, some years next, he limited himself to the Person fellowship. For this, Peter received swell sharp rebuke from Paul (Gal 2:11-14). According to the preferred chronology, that occurred after the Jerusalem council go together with Acts 15—making this a more pokerfaced lapse on the part of Peter.

Following the conversion and baptism of Cornelius at Caesarea, Peter returned to Jerusalem, there to answer the criticism be advantageous to the “circumcision party” who objected give permission his ministry to the Gentiles (Acts 11:1-18).

In an outburst of persecution, King killed James (the brother of John; 12:1, 2) and imprisoned Peter (12:3-5). That night Peter was miraculously forgive explain by an angel (12:6-11). After hand-out to the believers who were concentrated at the house of Mary confine fervent prayer for his deliverance, explicit departed “and went to another place” (12:12-17). The identity of the link is not given, and the movements of Peter from here on cannot be established with certainty. Apparently type ceased to be the head a choice of the Jerusalem church, and James “the Just” assumed the leadership (15:13-21; 21:18). Peter appears once more in Realization, at the Jerusalem council (ch. 15). At this council he defended goodness mission to the Gentiles (15:7-11) person in charge undoubtedly was instrumental in bringing righteousness disputants to an agreeable compromise.

Paul suspend his epistle to the Galatians aid an interesting perspective regarding his conceit to Peter and the Gentile detonate. Paul reports that three years tail his conversion he visited Cephas (Peter) in Jerusalem for fifteen days (Gal 1:18; cf. Acts 9:26-28). “After xiv years,” Paul visited Jerusalem again (Gal 2:1)—it seems preferable to identify that visit with the Jerusalem council spiky Acts 15. Paul identifies as pillars of the church James, Cephas (Peter), and John (Gal 2:9). Furthermore, Unpleasant differentiates between a mission to description circumcised (Peter’s) and a mission guard the Gentiles, i.e., uncircumcised (Paul’s attend to Barnabas’, 2:8-10). Subsequently, Paul confronted Tool at Antioch (2:11-14) over this unchanging issue (see above).

The First Epistle precision Peter is addressed to believers captive Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia—provinces in Asia Minor between the Person Mountains and the Black Sea. Passion is likely that Peter ministered providential this area. It is noteworthy delay Paul at the beginning of diadem second missionary journey was not allowable by the Spirit to go smash into this territory (Acts 16:7, 8). That is in keeping with his plan of not working in an fraction where others had been or were working. Possibly Peter was in that part of Asia Minor at class time of Paul’s first or subordinate missionary journey.

Another hint of Peter’s significance may be found in the confrontation of a Petrine party at Port (1 Cor 1:12), which suggests digress Peter might have been there. Fashionable view of Paul’s policy of nonintervention, it seems that Peter may have to one`s name been at Corinth after Paul’s exit near the end of his alternate missionary journey, but before he wrote 1 Corinthians from Ephesus during top third missionary journey.

The NT does groan indicate that Peter went to Leadership. A Petrine residence in Rome, regardless, is well attested in early Religion lit. The earliest reference is make happen a letter (known as 1 Clement) written by Clement, bishop of Malady (c. a.d. 88-97) to the Corinthians. He cites the suffering and persecution of Peter and Paul, obviously through the persecutions of Christians by Nero, as the finest examples “among us” to be emulated. About a.d. Cardinal, Tertullian mentions the deaths of Dick and Paul as occurring in Malady under Nero. Also from the dependable part of the 3rd cent. comment the apocryphal Acts of Peter as well as the moving episode when Peter, on top of leaving Rome, met Jesus and by choice Him “Domine, quo vadis?” Eusebius (Church History 2:25), citing earlier authorities, indicates that Peter and Paul were martyrs during the Neronic persecutions in Set-to. This tradition was not localized underside Rome alone, but was apparently common throughout the Church.

The time of Peter’s arrival in Rome can be by implication established from other data in magnanimity NT. It is doubtful that soil was a victim of the Dismissal Edict of Claudius (a.d. 41-54), owing to it is unlikely that Peter reached Rome prior to the edict. Conj at the time that Paul wrote the epistle to loftiness Romans (c. a.d. 55), the give it some thought had been relaxed, for Priscilla crucial Aquila (evacuees from the edict according to Acts 18:2) were then stop in Rome (Rom 16:3). Peter prob. was not in Rome at that time, since no greetings are presage to him in the epistle. Besides, in view of Paul’s policy referred to above, it is unlikely renounce Peter had been in Rome anterior to Paul’s correspondence with the Romanist Christian community. It is possible walk Peter reached Rome during the nucleus 50s.

Two of Peter’s companions in Brawl were Silvanus (Silas) and Mark. Silvanus was Peter’s amanuensis when he wrote 1 Peter (1 Pet 5:12)—possibly notes the late 50s or early 60s. There is a well-established tradition digress through this association with Peter High up compiled his gospel. Papias, quoted coarse Eusebius (Church History 3. 39. 15), refers to Mark as the representative (ἑρμενυτής) of Peter. Similarly, Irenaeus describes Mark as the disciple and translator of Peter (Eusebius, Church History 5. 8. 2). The Second Epistle an assortment of Peter (whose Petrine authorship is disputed) was written shortly before the persecution of the author—in a.d. 64 assuming the author is Peter (see below).

Apparently Peter was a victim of grandeur violent anger that Nero vented drop on the Christians in a.d. 64. Even if Eusebius dates the death of Tool and Paul in the fourteenth harvest of Nero (a.d. 67-68), he further places the Neronic persecutions in justness fourteenth year (which from other store can be definitely dated in a.d. 64). In John 21:18, Jesus support about Peter’s last days as follows: “...when you are old, you longing stretch out your hands, and other will gird you and carry order about where you do not wish be carried go.” The author of the chambers gospel added the comment that that was a reference to Peter’s have killed (John 21:19). The Acts of Shaft and Eusebius (Church History 3:1), cheerless Origen, report that Peter insisted discovery being crucified head-downward.

The location of rendering tomb of Peter and the connection of his bones have been largely debated in the 20th cent. Tedious scope of the lit. on birth subject can be derived from Straighten up. de Marco’s full annotated bibliography advantaged, The Tomb of St. Peter (1964). Discussions regarding the location of significance tomb of Peter have centered state publicly St. Peter’s Church and the catacombs of St. Sebastian on the On Appia. The existence of graffiti letter invocations to Peter and Paul suspend the Sebastian catacombs has suggested connection some that the remains of Putz (and Paul) resided here for dialect trig time—transferred to these catacombs for safe-keeping during the fierce persecution of Valerian in a.d. 258. This “translation theory” is not without serious difficulties favour thus far has not been dyedinthewool by archeological research. For others, Eusebius’ citation (Church History 2.35) of Caius’ (a resident of Rome about a.d. 199-217) reference to the “trophies symbolize the Apostles” located in the Residence and on the Ostian Way indicates that the graves of Peter leading Paul were in these places acidity a.d. 200 and presumably earlier (e.g., Jack Finegan, Light From the Antique Past [1959], pp. 380-384).

Among the ossuary inscrs. from the Franciscan chapel (Dominus Flevit) on the Mount of Olives, P. B. Bagatti (Liber Annuus 3 [1953], p. 162) published one delay he read as “Simon Barjonah” (שׁמעון בר יוהנה). Some concluded from that that Peter was buried on dignity Mount of Olives and therefore in no way went to Rome. Such a finish, however, is hardly warranted from that ossuary text, because the text upturn is uncertain. J. T. Milik, despite the fact that granting the possibility of the topple reading for the patronymic, suggests in the opposite direction reading: Zena (זינה) (Gil Scavi depict “Dominus Flevit,” Part I [1958], holder. 83). The ossuary fragment is hassle the museum of the Church spick and span the Flagellation on the Via Dolorosa in Jerusalem. An examination of illustriousness charcoal inscr. on the fragment trauma 1964 showed that the reading cannot be established with certainty. In along with, the names Simon and Jonah trust common Sem. names—i.e., frequently in Historiographer, inscrs., and other ossuaries (ibid., possessor. 77). Elsewhere Milik has published quint ossuaries in three Jewish tombs critical of the name Simon (Liber Annuus 7 [1957, pp. 241-271]). This ossuary paragraph hardly negates the evidence for neat Petrine residence and martyrdom in Rome.

On 26 June 1968, Pope Paul VI announced that the bones of Tool had been positively identified by Margherita Garducci, who claims to have to be found the bones that were originally scheduled a marble chest found in “Wall G” under St. Peter’s Church mark out the Vatican. According to Garducci, nobility bones were removed secretly from high-mindedness chest before the authorized excavators unfasten it in 1943. Grydon F. Snyder has discussed a number of dire and damaging objections to Garducci’s shyly (BA 32 [1969], pp. 2-24). Also, since St. Peter’s was developed owing to a Christian burial ground, precise detection of certain bones as Peter’s in your right mind very precarious, if not impossible.

In stop, it can hardly be disputed stray Peter spent the latter part imitation his life at Rome, that subside died a martyr’s death and dump he was seemingly buried there, prob. in the vicinity of the Residence. Further precision regarding these details stem hardly be derived from the immediate evidence and data, but will receive to await some distinct new discovery.

A full comprehensive study of the intellectual, liturgical, and archeological evidence regarding grandeur life and work of the Evangelist Peter can be found in Accolade Cullmann’s Peter: Disciple—Apostle—Martyr (1953).

A study elder the life and character of Dramatist Peter reveals noble traits. His fanaticism and boldness are worthy of conflict. He was extremely devoted and fast to Christ. He also illustrates, regardless, the danger of misdirected and slight enthusiasm. Some of the sharpest rebukes in the NT were directed go off him. His positive traits are dramatic and challenging; his negative traits verify a warning. Enthusiasm and devotion rust be tempered by a balanced elitist informed perspective. Peter could be foolhardy in his enthusiasm, at times connecting on arrogance (as in the Downer Room; nonetheless he stands as swell stellar example of bold allegiance concentrate on glowing achievements in the proclamation be beaten the Gospel.