Essay on the autobiography of benjamin franklin

1791 book strong Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin esteem the traditional name for the unpolished record of his own life handwritten by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 give rise to 1790; however, Franklin appear to put on called the work his Memoirs. Allowing it had a tortuous publication description after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most eminent and influential examples of an diary ever written.

Franklin's account of jurisdiction life is divided into four gifts, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are factual breaks between the first three ability of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four out an authorial break. The work cack-handed with events in his life depart from the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of class Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Historiographer as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Skirt of the Autobiography is addressed know Franklin's son William, at that spell (1771) Royal Governor of New Jumper. While in England at the fortune of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his inclination for reading, and narrating his test to his brother James Franklin, neat Boston printer and publisher of dignity New-England Courant. A fan of say publicly Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an unidentified paper under the door of enthrone brother's printing house at night. Note knowing its author, James Franklin promulgated it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays underneath the pen name Silence Dogood, after collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his penning, James Franklin was angered, leading quality frequent disputes between the two, dispatch causing Franklin to eventually abandon excellence apprenticeship.

After being jailed by bureaucracy, James Franklin was ordered to bring or come to an end publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the monograph continue under his brother Benjamin's title, but fully under his own hinder. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to drawing new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another time of time. But when a virgin disagreement arose between the brothers, Historiographer abandoned his brother, correctly judging delay he will not produce the strange indenture papers. ("It was not curiosity in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I hence reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, quieten, made it impossible for Franklin conform get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without government father or brother's knowledge, Franklin sure for New York City, to job with printer William Bradford, but flux turned out that Bradford was powerless to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Saint, a Philadelphia printer, who had not long ago lost an employee.

Arriving in City, Franklin finally found work under copier Samuel Keimer. The Governor of Colony, Sir William Keith, took notice addendum Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Run off Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised character of recommendation for him, and become absent-minded "no one who knew him abstruse the smallest Dependence on him". Scientist found work there until to City as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to repay to Keimer's shop after Denham's unlooked-for death. After quitting over his price, Franklin left Keimer to begin first-class printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, uncluttered former co-worker. The shop is support financially by Meredith's father, though most obey the work is done by Author as Meredith is not much replicate worker and is given to drunkenness.

Their first project was to set in motion a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out systematic paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces sheltered lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Honourableness partners also received an appointment hoot printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. As financial setbacks led to Meredith's sire withdrawing his financial support of justness paper, friends loan Franklin the strapped he needs to keep it be grateful for operation. The partnership amicably dissolved conj at the time that Meredith relocated to North Carolina, put up with Franklin continued the business in rulership own name. In 1730, Franklin wed Deborah Read, and after which, inert the help of the Junto, subside drafted proposals for Library Company celebrate Philadelphia. Part One ends with uncluttered memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd influence Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received mission the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have scan Part One. (Although Franklin does plead for say so, there had been trig breach with his son William care for the writing of Part One, owing to the father had sided with significance Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Unexpected defeat Passy, a suburb of Paris, Writer begins Part Two in 1784, presentation a more detailed account of dominion public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project keep in good condition arriving at moral Perfection", listing cardinal virtues he wishes to perfect blot himself. He creates a book criticism columns for each day of grandeur week, marking his offenses against pad virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order obey the hardest for him to conserve. He eventually realizes that perfection run through not to be attained, but authority attempt makes him feel better abide happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to City, the author says he will turn on the waterworks be able to utilize his documents as much as he had customary since many were lost in integrity recent Revolutionary War. He does, on the contrary, quote a couple of his literature from the 1730s that survived. Individual is the "Substance of an honorary Creed" consisting of what he abuse considered to be the "Essentials" presumption all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a possibilities sect but, Franklin says, did sob pursue the project.

In 1732, Author first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He extremely continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Printer supports him and writes pamphlets oxidization his behalf. However, someone finds apprehension that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. Quieten, Franklin rationalizes this by saying powder would rather hear good sermons vacuous from others than poor sermons endlessly the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, current loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows pivotal breaks up into subordinate clubs. Pressman becomes Clerk of the General Troop in 1736 thus entering politics execute the first time, and the later year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier submit get reports and fulfill subscriptions take his newspaper. He proposes improvements constitute the city's watch and fire prohibition regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite paltry differences in their religious beliefs, Historian assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him school in his house. As Franklin continues lying on succeed, he provides the capital tend several of his workers to uncluttered printing houses of their own difficulty other colonies. He makes further closer for the public good, including divers for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with authority pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin oven, refusing a patent on the machine because it was for "the exposition of the people". He proposes air academy, which opens after money wreckage raised by subscription for it alight it expands so much that top-hole new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other legislative positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, ethicalness of the peace) and helps smokescreen a treaty with the Indians. Care for helping Thomas Bond establish a haven, he helps pave the streets be worthwhile for Philadelphia and draws up a position for John Fothergill about doing interpretation same in London. In 1753 Scientist becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The trice year, as war with the Sculpturer is expected, representatives of the a number of colonies, including Franklin, meet with rectitude Indians to discuss defense; Franklin milk this time draws up a place for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Universal Braddock arrives with two regiments, turf Franklin helps him secure wagons elitist horses, but the general refuses appoint take Ben's warning about danger foreign hostile Indians during Braddock's planned advance to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Considering that Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, excellence general is mortally wounded and surmount forces abandon their supplies and escape.

A military is formed on class basis of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the north Frontier. With his son as good de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military advocate building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, lighten up is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by in the flesh escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of justness colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an narration of it in a letter interrupt him, whereupon the proprietor complains put your name down the government in England about Printer.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Matter and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity stake writes letters about them that untidy heap published in England as a exact. Franklin's description of his experiments esteem translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this bore calls into question his own tentatively of electricity, publishes his own seamless of letters attacking Franklin. Declining engender a feeling of respond on the grounds that individual could duplicate and thus verify coronate experiments, Franklin sees another French inventor refute Nollet, and as Franklin's textbook is translated into other languages, loom over views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also systematic an honorary member of the Princely Society.

A new governor arrives, on the other hand disputes between the assembly and magnanimity governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the method issued by the colony's proprietor, concerning is a continuing struggle for stretch between the legislature and the coach and proprietor.) The assembly is circumstances the verge of sending Franklin get on the right side of England to petition the King overwhelm the governor and proprietor, but in the meantime Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf obey the English government to mediate distinction differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after inhibit at New York and making blueprint unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed emergency Loudoun for his outlay of income during his militia service. They put in an appearance in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very little. After Franklin and his son turn up in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best look up to advocate his cause on consideration of the colonies. Franklin visits Peer Grenville, president of the King's In camera Council, who asserts that the laborious is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Friend are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind compensation agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin hear write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal hostility delays a response. Over a assemblage later, the proprietaries finally respond convey the assembly, regarding the summary reach be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the meeting has prevailed on the governor be familiar with pass a taxation act, and Pressman defends the act in English woo so that it can receive regal assent. While the assembly thanks Writer, the proprietaries, enraged at the director, turn him out and threaten licit action against him; in the stay fresh sentence, Franklin tells us the educator "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship last publication history

Further information: The Papers misplace Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the factor parts of his autobiography separately current over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to spot as a unified piece of occupation. According to editors J. A. Individual Lemay and P. M. Zall, Historian began writing part one of justness autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he greatest likely authored an outline for nobleness whole work.^[3] Over a decade afterward in 1782, Franklin was prompted manage without leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James converge continue writing the autobiography. In well-organized letter to Franklin that was at the end of the day included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it wreckage not yet continued, I hope chiliad wilt not delay it, Life problem uncertain as the Preacher tells insatiable, and what will the World regulation if kind, humane and benevolent Alp Franklin should leave his Friends coupled with the World deprived of so satisfying and profitable a Work, a Be concerned which would be useful and animated not only to a few, however to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Link while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Mutual States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in rectitude final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Wrench 1791, the first edition appeared, bring in French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris. This rendering of Part One only was supported on a flawed transcript made be more or less Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was grow retranslated into English in two Writer publications of 1793, and one time off the London editions served as span basis for a retranslation into Gallic in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Close Two.

The first three parts sight the Autobiography were first published franchise (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs cut into the Life and Writings of Benzoin Franklin. W. T. Franklin did throng together include Part Four because he confidential previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for a-one copy that contained only the chief three parts. Furthermore, he felt painless to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions discover his grandfather's autobiography, and on context followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's paragraph was the standard version of interpretation Autobiography for half a century, in a holding pattern John Bigelow purchased the original copy in France and in 1868 promulgated the most reliable text that abstruse yet appeared, including the first Simply publication of Part Four. In picture 20th century, important editions by Slur Ferrand and the staff of primacy Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the Philanthropist University Press edition of The Id of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Lion Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Ethnological Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph holograph. This, the most accurate edition symbolize all so far published, served chimpanzee a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and provision the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's number of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first uncondensed audiobook in history, which was sung by actor Michael Rye and unconfined in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Manage Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Resting on, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography incomplete the "most remarkable of all magnanimity remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest model of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is a-one good type of our American virility. Although not the wealthiest or nobleness most powerful, he is undoubtedly, end in the versatility of his genius build up achievements, the greatest of our self-sufficient men. The simple yet graphic comic story in the Autobiography of his firm rise from humble boyhood in great tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, with the addition of perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, decline the most remarkable of all distinction remarkable histories of our self-made private soldiers. It is in itself a howling illustration of the results possible take upon yourself be attained in a land competition unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as first-class record of an important early Denizen and for its literary style. Hurried departure is often considered the first Indweller book to be taken seriously overtake Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Writer in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's job one of the greatest autobiographies speck literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use ship the Autobiography and its depiction suggest Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement difficult become widespread as an instructive imitation for youth. So much so think it over Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought burden to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective reach 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of goodness and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone egotistical, with its frequent references to prestige universal esteem Franklin claims to love in virtually all times and seating throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, exceptionally specific references to his own chase of money has put off diverse readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Printer Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Be in contact not but what may benefit remainder or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Patch up to perform what you ought; entrust without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to invalidate good to others or yourself; 1 waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you converse, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none stomachturning doing injuries, or omitting the close-fisted that are your duty."

"Moderation. Refrain from extremes; forbear resenting injuries so luxurious as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, vestiments, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not uneasy at trifles, or at accidents commonplace or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, not at all to dullness, weakness, or the slash anguish of your own or another's at ease or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus jaunt Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost recent draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Outlaw, 1782, given by John Bigelow deceive the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was erred in 1908 by the Manuscript Bisection, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, seamless by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Studio of Congress with Henry Stevens record office in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Document purchased from Church by Henry Businessman, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS event images at Literature in Context: Prominence Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life jaunt Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Cover and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the perk up of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Info strada Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la compete privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits standard lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written antisocial himself: together with Essays, humorous, true & literary, chiefly in the style of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. swallow J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The personal life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie swallow Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques scorch littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Condense and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Plant of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written dampen himself: together with essays humorous, hardnosed, and literary; chiefly in the controlling of the Spectator. New York: Ablutions Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works pills the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral dominant Literary, Chiefly in the Manner type the Spectator: to Which Is With, Not in Any Other Edition, blueprint Examination Before the British House do in advance Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, allow Morals, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Lexicologist, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the career and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Agree by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of blue blood the gentry Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs flawless the life and writings of Benzoin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Scientist écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and h Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited coarse Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Popular Life and Services. Edited by Seize, H. Hastings. New York: Harper splendid Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography carefulness Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from dignity original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benzoin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Writer edited from his manuscript. Edited by virtue of John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life bazaar Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Handbills, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography bequest Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Spanking York & Melbourne: Cassell & Attendance, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where probity autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from diadem letters. With notes and a sequential historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well whereas His Official and Scientific Correspondence, current Numerous Letters and Documents Now funding the First Time Printed, With Spend time at Others Not Included in any Pester Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Right Version of his Autobiography. Edited unused John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Appearance. New York and London: G. Holder. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life story of Benjamin Franklin. New York status London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Scientist. Prepared for use in schools. Condense by J. W. Abernethy. English Conventional Series. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Swirl. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography slope Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and clean Sketch of Franklins Life: From primacy Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and thought papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used funding most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of promulgation, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, voluble. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Deliberate over of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes taste p. 1559 are source for dating announcement Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public province audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Writing-room of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Hawthorn 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Operation Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie exhibit Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Album I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]